Difference between revisions of "Expressing "including" with "zainei""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
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The word 包括 can be used as a verb. In addition, 包括 can also be used as an adverb at the beginning of a sentence, equivalent to the English "including".
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The word 在内 can be used as a prepositional phrase meaning "including." In addition, the verb 包括 can often be used with 在内 at the beginning of a sentence, equivalent to the English "including."
  
== Basic Usage ==
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== Structure ==  
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Subj. + 包括 ⋯⋯
+
(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ,⋯⋯
</div>
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
*他 说 “咱们”,当然 <em>包括</em> 你 。<span class="pinyin">Tā shuō"zánmen", dāngrán <em>bāokuò</em> nǐ.</span><span class="trans">He said "us". That certainly includes you.</span>
 
*我 每 个 月 的 房租 不 <em>包括</em> 水 电 费 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ měi gè yuè de fángzū bù <em>bāokuò</em> shuǐ diàn fèi.</span><span class="trans">My monthly rent does not include my water and electric bill.</span>
 
*公司 的 福利 <em>包括</em> 很 多 方面。<span class="pinyin">Gōngsī de fúlì <em>bāokuò</em> hěn duō fāngmiàn.</span><span class="trans">The company's welfare benefits includes many aspects.</span>
 
*他 对 很 多 话题 都 很 感兴趣,<em>包括</em> 政治。<span class="pinyin">Tā duì hěn duō huàtí dōu hěn gǎn xìngqù, <em>bāokuò</em> zhèngzhì.</span><span class="trans">He finds many topics of conversation interesting, including politics.</span>
 
*简历 一般 <em>包括</em> 个人 信息,教育 背景,工作 经历 等。<span class="pinyin">Jiǎnlì yībān <em>bāokuò</em> gèrén xìnxī, jiàoyù bèijǐng, gōngzuò jīnglì děng.</span><span class="trans">A résumé generally includes a person's information, education background, work experience, etcetera.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Advanced Usage ==
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or
In English, the position of the adverb is usually flexible. But in Chinese, the word 包括 can only be placed in the head of a sentence, and will usually be used in conjunction with 在内 and 一共. In spoken language, 在内 and 一共 can be omitted.
 
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
包括 ⋯⋯ (+在内) ,一共 ⋯⋯
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⋯⋯ (包括)⋯⋯ 在内
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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*这些 费用 不 <strong>包括</strong> <em>在内</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē fèiyòng bù <strong>bāokuò</strong> <em>zài nèi</em>.</span><span class="trans">These fees are not included.</span>
*<em>包括</em> 税,两 张 机票 一共 是 五千 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> shuì, liǎng zhāng jīpiào yīgòng shì wǔ qiān.</span> <span class="trans">Including taxes, two airplane tickets all together are $5,000.</span>
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*你 把 饭钱 <strong>包括</strong> <em>在内</em>了 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bǎ fàn qián <strong>bāokuò</strong> <em>zài nèi</em> le ma?</span><span class="trans">Did you include your meal stipend?</span>
*<em>包括</em> 我 在内,一共 有 十五 个 人 参加 这个 会议 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> wǒ zàinèi, yīgòng yǒu shíwǔ gè rén cānjiā zhège huìyì.</span><span class="trans">Including myself, 15 people total participated in this meeting.</span>
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*这 件 事,大家 都 是 有 责任 的,<strong>包括</strong> 政府 <em>在内</em> <span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shì, dàjiā dōu shì yǒu zérèn de, <strong>bāokuò</strong> zhèngfǔ <em>zài nèi</em>.</span><span class="trans">Everyone has responsibility in this matter, including the government.</span>
*<em>包括</em> 奖金 在内,这个 月 我 拿 了 一万 块 钱 工资。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> jiǎngjīn zàinèi, zhège yuè wǒ ná le yī wàn kuài qián gōngzī.</span><span class="trans">Including bonuses, this month I received a salary of 1,000 RMB.</span>
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*<strong>包括</strong> 他 的 母语 <em>在内</em> ,他 会 说 四 种 语言 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Bāokuò</strong> tā de mǔyǔ <em>zài nèi</em>, tā huì shuō sì zhǒng yǔyán.</span><span class="trans">Including his native language, he can speak 4 languages.</span>
*<em>包括</em> 母语 在内,他 一共 会 说 四 种 语言。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> mǔyǔ zàinèi, tā yīgòng huì shuō sì zhǒng yǔyán.</span><span class="trans">Including my native language, I can speak a total of 4 languages.</span>
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*水电费 <em>在内</em> ,我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。<span class="pinyin">Shuǐdiàn fèi <em>zài nèi</em>, wǒ měi gè yuè de fángzū sān qiān wǔ.</span><span class="trans">My monthly rent is 3500, including water and electricity.</span>
*<em>包括</em> 每 个 月 的 物业 费,我们 办公室 的 租金 是 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Bāokuò</em> měi gè yuè de wùyè fèi, wǒmen bàngōngshì de zūjīn shì liǎng wàn.</span><span class="trans">Including monthly property fees, our office's rent is $20,000.</span>
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*这 次 袭击 造成 了 三人 死亡 ,<strong>包括</strong> 名 警察 <em>在内</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè cì xíjī zàochéng le sān rén sǐwáng, <strong>bāokuò</strong> liǎng míng jǐngchá <em>zài nèi</em>.</span><span class="trans">This attack caused three deaths, including two policemen.</span>
 
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*小米 会 在 下个月 发布 <strong>包括</strong> 小米 电视 <em>在内</em> 的 几 个 新产品 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎomǐ huì zài xià gè yuè fābù <strong>bāokuò</strong> xiǎomǐ diànshì <em>zài nèi</em> de jǐ gè xīn chǎnpǐn.</span><span class="trans">Xiaomi will launch several new products next month, including Xiaomi TV.</span>
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*这个 团队 <strong>包括</strong> 我 <em>在内</em> ,一共 八 个 人 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège tuánduì <strong>bāokuò</strong> wǒ <em>zài nèi</em>, yīgòng bā gè rén.</span><span class="trans">This team, including me, has eight people altogether.</span>
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*<strong>包括</strong> 老板 <em>在内</em> ,大家 都 不 同意 这个 意见。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Bāokuò</strong> lǎobǎn <em>zài nèi</em>, dàjiā dōu bù tóngyì zhè ge yìjiàn.</span><span class="trans">Including the boss, everyone disagrees with this opinion.</span>
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*现在 我们 线上 销售 非常 好,<strong>包括</strong> 今天 <em>在内</em> ,营业额 已经 两 千万 了。<span class="pinyin">Xiànzài wǒmen xiànshàng xiāoshòu fēicháng hǎo, <strong>bāokuò</strong> jīntiān <em>zài nèi</em>, yíngyèé yǐjīng liǎng qiān wàn le.</span><span class="trans">Now our online sales are great, including today's sales, the sales volume has already reached 20 million.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== See also ==
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== Sources and further reading ==
  
== Source and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
  
=== Books ===
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 5上|19}}
  
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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[[Category:B2 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|包括|B1|Subj. + 包括 ⋯⋯|他 说 “咱们”,当然 <em>包括</em> 。|grammar point|ASG50341}}
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{{Basic Grammar|在内|B2|(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ,⋯⋯ | 包括 水 电 费 <em>在内</em> ,我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。|grammar point|ASG50341}}
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{{Rel char|包括}}
 
{{Similar|}}
 
{{Similar|}}
{{POS|Verbs}}
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{{POS|Prepositions}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}}
{{Translation|include}}
 
 
{{Translation|including}}
 
{{Translation|including}}

Latest revision as of 09:31, 14 January 2021

Chinese-grammar-wiki-包括.jpg

The word 在内 can be used as a prepositional phrase meaning "including." In addition, the verb 包括 can often be used with 在内 at the beginning of a sentence, equivalent to the English "including."

Structure

(包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ,⋯⋯

or

⋯⋯ ,(包括)⋯⋯ 在内

Examples

  • 这些 费用 不 包括 在内Zhèxiē fèiyòng bù bāokuò zài nèi.These fees are not included.
  • 你 把 饭钱 包括 在内了 吗 ?Nǐ bǎ fàn qián bāokuò zài nèi le ma?Did you include your meal stipend?
  • 这 件 事,大家 都 是 有 责任 的,包括 政府 在内Zhè jiàn shì, dàjiā dōu shì yǒu zérèn de, bāokuò zhèngfǔ zài nèi.Everyone has responsibility in this matter, including the government.
  • 包括 他 的 母语 在内 ,他 会 说 四 种 语言 。Bāokuò tā de mǔyǔ zài nèi, tā huì shuō sì zhǒng yǔyán.Including his native language, he can speak 4 languages.
  • 水电费 在内 ,我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。Shuǐdiàn fèi zài nèi, wǒ měi gè yuè de fángzū sān qiān wǔ.My monthly rent is 3500, including water and electricity.
  • 这 次 袭击 造成 了 三人 死亡 ,包括 两 名 警察 在内Zhè cì xíjī zàochéng le sān rén sǐwáng, bāokuò liǎng míng jǐngchá zài nèi.This attack caused three deaths, including two policemen.
  • 小米 会 在 下个月 发布 包括 小米 电视 在内 的 几 个 新产品 。Xiǎomǐ huì zài xià gè yuè fābù bāokuò xiǎomǐ diànshì zài nèi de jǐ gè xīn chǎnpǐn.Xiaomi will launch several new products next month, including Xiaomi TV.
  • 这个 团队 包括在内 ,一共 八 个 人 。Zhège tuánduì bāokuòzài nèi, yīgòng bā gè rén.This team, including me, has eight people altogether.
  • 包括 老板 在内 ,大家 都 不 同意 这个 意见。Bāokuò lǎobǎn zài nèi, dàjiā dōu bù tóngyì zhè ge yìjiàn.Including the boss, everyone disagrees with this opinion.
  • 现在 我们 线上 销售 非常 好,包括 今天 在内 ,营业额 已经 两 千万 了。Xiànzài wǒmen xiànshàng xiāoshòu fēicháng hǎo, bāokuò jīntiān zài nèi, yíngyèé yǐjīng liǎng qiān wàn le.Now our online sales are great, including today's sales, the sales volume has already reached 20 million.

Sources and further reading

Books

HSK5