Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"

等等 (děng děng), or simply 等, has the same meaning as “and so on” or “etc.” in English. Both are placed after a series of items (the list of which generally exceeds two items).

Structure

The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add 等 or 等等 to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.

A1,A2...等/等等

Examples

• 我 喜欢 看 书、逛 街、睡觉 等。I like to read books, window-shop, sleep etc.
• 西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 等等，都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果。Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes and so on， are all the fruits that I like.
• 上海、北京、深圳、香港 等，我 都 去 过。Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hong Kong etc., I have all been to.
• 生煎馒头、南翔小笼包、三鲜小混沌等都是上海有名的小吃。
• 长城、故宫、颐和园等都是北京著名的景点。
• 我教过很多外国学生，美国人、英国人、西班牙人等等。
• 我的男朋友会说很多门外语，英语、法语、西班牙语等等。
• 中国的历史、文化、经济等我都不太了解。
• 21世纪以来，中国、印度、巴西等国家发展得都很快。
• 中国、印度、巴西等都是人口大国。

See also

• Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de"
• "Stuff like that" with "zhileide"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 304) →buy