Affirmative-negative questions

A common way to form questions in Chinese is to first use a verb in the positive, then repeat the same verb in its negative form. These are called "affirmative-negative questions" or "alternative questions."

Verb Not Verb

Structure

Verb + 不 + Verb

Examples

• 他 很 好，是 不 是 ？He is very good, right?
• 他们 来 不 来 ？Have they arrived yet?
• 老板，十 块 钱 三 个，卖 不 卖？Boss, 10 kuai for 3, should i sell or not?
• KFC，吃 不 吃？KFC, have you eaten there?
• 咖啡，要 不 要？Do you want coffee?
• 这 件 不 贵，买 不 买？That is not expensive, will you but or not?
• 那里 有 个 公园， 去 不 去 ？There is a park, have you went there?
• 很 晚 了，走 不 走？It's late, do you want to go or not?
• 她 来 了，你 见 不 见？She arrived, did you see that?
• 我们 去 打 球，你 打 不 打？We are going to play ball, do you want to play?

Note that the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Verb" or "不 Verb."

Verb Not Verb with an Object

Structure

If you want to add an object after the verb, the general sentence structure is:

Subject + Verb + 不 + Verb + Object

Examples

• 你 吃 不 吃 饭？
• 你 要 不 要 咖啡？
• 你 想 不 想 喝酒？
• 你 去 不 去 公园？
• 你 见 不 见 她？
• 你 打 不 打 球？
• 吃 不 吃 KFC？
• 买 不 买 衣服？
• 今天 你 做 不 做 晚饭？
• 喝不喝 可乐？

Adjective Not Adjective

Structure

It can also be done with adjectives (adjectives often behave like verbs in Chinese):

Adjective + 不 + Adjective

Examples

• 好 不 好？Is it good?(or "good or not good?")
• 热 不 热？
• 冷 不 冷？
• 贵 不 贵？
• 高 不 高？
• 甜 不 甜？
• 辣 不 辣？
• 这个女孩儿漂亮不漂亮？
• 中国菜好吃不好吃？
• 这里的咖啡便宜不便宜？

Again, the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Adjective" or "不 Adjective."

These are something like adding tag questions in English, in this case "Are you an adult or not?" If you wanted to translate it very literally, it would be, "Are you or are you not an adult?" In any case, the structure is a very common way to ask questions in Chinese.

Two-character verbs or adjectives in positive-negative questions

All of the verbs used so far have been single-character verbs. Using two-characters verbs in positive-negative questions is slightly trickier. You usually put 不 after the first character, then put the entire verb. For example 喜不喜欢 is the usual question form of 喜欢. You can repeat the whole two-character verb twice, but it's more common (and more elegant) to insert 不 after the first character. (The same is true of two-character adjectives.)

Structure

It can also be done with adjectives (adjectives often behave like verbs in Chinese):

the first character of Adjective + 不 + Adjective

Examples

• 喜欢 不 喜欢 (the whole word is repeated)
• 喜 不 喜欢 (only the first character is repeated)

• 高兴 不 高兴 (the whole word is repeated)
• 高 不 高兴 (only the first character is repeated)

• 这 个 女孩儿 漂亮 不 漂亮？
• 这 个 女孩儿 漂 不 漂亮？

• 中国 菜 好吃 不 好吃？
• 中国 菜 好 不 好吃？

• 这里 的 咖啡 便宜 不 便宜？
• 这里 的 咖啡 便 不 便宜？

有 in positive-negative questions

Structure

Because the verb 有 is negated with 没 and not 不, the structure for positive-negative questions with 有 is:

Subject + 有没有 + Object

The possible answers are: "有" or "没有."

The questions could be be asking about current possession ("do you have it or not?"), or to ask about verbs in the past ("did you do it or not?").

Examples

• 你 有 没有 电脑？
• 你 有 没有 手机？
• 你 有 没有 酒？
• 你 有 没有 女 朋友？
• 你 有 没有 孩子？
• 你 有 没有 去 过 上海？
• 你 有 没有 见 过 他？
• 你 有 没有 学 过 中文？
• 你 有 没有 坐 过 飞机？
• 你 有 没有 吃 过 中国 菜？
• 你 有 没有 借 我 的 钱？Did you borrow my money?
• 你 有 没有 看 过 那 部 电影？Have you seen that movie?

See also

• Tag questions with bu
• Yes-no questions with "ma"
• Offering choices with "haishi"

Sources and further reading

Videos

• Yoyo Chinese: Verb-not-verb Questions

Books

• Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 141-4) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 86, 102-4) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1) (pp. 87) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed) (pp. 102, 250-1) →buy

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