Difference between revisions of "Comparing "gen" and "dui""
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− | + | 跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different.After reading this article, you will know the difference! \r\n | |
− | + | == When they have the same form and same meaning when used with 说 ==\r\nWhen using the verb 说, 跟 and 对 can both be used in a similar sentence pattern. 跟 and 对 are both prepositions, and they both express one person speaking to another. \r\n | |
− | 跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different.After reading this article, you will know the difference! | + | === Structure ===\r\n<div class="jiegou"> |
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− | == When they have the same form and same meaning when used with 说 == | ||
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− | === Structure === | ||
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− | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
Person A + 跟/对 + Person B 说 | Person A + 跟/对 + Person B 说 | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples ==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 我 <em>跟</em> 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。<span class="trans">I told her, but she didn't believe me.</span> | * 我 <em>跟</em> 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。<span class="trans">I told her, but she didn't believe me.</span> | ||
* 我 <em>对</em> 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。<span class="trans">I told her, but she didn't believe me.</span> | * 我 <em>对</em> 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。<span class="trans">I told her, but she didn't believe me.</span> | ||
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* 刚才 你 <em>对</em> 他 说 什么 了?<span class="trans">What did you just tell him?</span> | * 刚才 你 <em>对</em> 他 说 什么 了?<span class="trans">What did you just tell him?</span> | ||
* 刚才 你 <em>跟</em> 他 说 什么 了?<span class="trans">What did you just tell him?</span> | * 刚才 你 <em>跟</em> 他 说 什么 了?<span class="trans">What did you just tell him?</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n== When they have a similar grammar structure but different meanings ==\r\n跟 and 对 can be verbs, and they often are used with a 着, however their meanings are different. \r\n |
− | + | === Structure ===\r\n<div class="jiegou"> | |
− | == When they have a similar grammar structure but different meanings == | ||
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− | === Structure === | ||
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− | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
Subject + 跟/对 + Object | Subject + 跟/对 + Object | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples for 跟====\r\n跟 is a verb, and it's simplest meaning is "follow." Often it is used as a verb phrase, such as 跟着, 跟上, 跟不上, 跟得上, 跟somebody + Verb.\r\n\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples for 跟==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 这 只 小 猫 总是 <em>跟着</em> 我。<span class="trans">This little cat always follows me.</span> | * 这 只 小 猫 总是 <em>跟着</em> 我。<span class="trans">This little cat always follows me.</span> | ||
* 你 走 得 太 快 ,我 <em>跟不上</em>。<span class="trans">You walk too fast, I can't keep up.</span> | * 你 走 得 太 快 ,我 <em>跟不上</em>。<span class="trans">You walk too fast, I can't keep up.</span> | ||
* 你 想 <em>跟 我 去</em> 吗?<span class="trans">Do you want to go with me?</span> | * 你 想 <em>跟 我 去</em> 吗?<span class="trans">Do you want to go with me?</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples for 对====\r\n对 is also a verb, put it has the meaning of "towards" or "point to." Often it is used as: 对着, 对上, 对不上.\r\n |
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− | ==== Examples for 对==== | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 枪口 不 要 <em>对着</em> 人。<span class="trans">Don't point that at people.</span> | * 枪口 不 要 <em>对着</em> 人。<span class="trans">Don't point that at people.</span> | ||
* 我 喜欢 <em>对着</em> 镜子 笑。<span class="trans">I like to laugh at myself in the mirror.</span> | * 我 喜欢 <em>对着</em> 镜子 笑。<span class="trans">I like to laugh at myself in the mirror.</span> | ||
* 这 两 本 账 <em>对不上</em>。<span class="trans">These two accounts don't match up.</span> | * 这 两 本 账 <em>对不上</em>。<span class="trans">These two accounts don't match up.</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n== When to use 跟 and not 对 ==\r\n跟 is a proposition, and it can be used in comparison. It will often have a supplementary explanation, similar to how 和 can be used (as in 我和你一样高). 对 cannot be used this way.\r\n |
− | + | === Structure 1 ===\r\nThis structure is used to explain that two things are (or aren't) similar.\r\n<div class="jiegou"> | |
− | == When to use 跟 and not 对 == | ||
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− | === Structure 1 === | ||
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− | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
A + 跟 + B + (不)一样 | A + 跟 + B + (不)一样 | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples ==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 我 <em>跟</em> 你们 <em>不一样</em>,我 还 有 孩子 呢。<span class="trans">I am not like you guys. I still have kids.</span> | * 我 <em>跟</em> 你们 <em>不一样</em>,我 还 有 孩子 呢。<span class="trans">I am not like you guys. I still have kids.</span> | ||
* 上海 <em>跟</em> 纽约 <em>一样</em>,都 是 国际 大 都市。<span class="trans">Shanghai and New York are alike; they are both international cities.</span> | * 上海 <em>跟</em> 纽约 <em>一样</em>,都 是 国际 大 都市。<span class="trans">Shanghai and New York are alike; they are both international cities.</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n=== Structure 2===\r\nThis structure shows that two nouns are the same in some some aspect, which is the word that follows "一样".\r\n<div class="jiegou"> |
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− | === Structure 2=== | ||
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− | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
A + 跟 + B + (不)一样 + Adjective | A + 跟 + B + (不)一样 + Adjective | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples ==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 我 现在 <em>跟</em> 我 爸 <em>一样</em> <strong>高</strong>。<span class="trans">Now I'm as tall as my dad.</span> | * 我 现在 <em>跟</em> 我 爸 <em>一样</em> <strong>高</strong>。<span class="trans">Now I'm as tall as my dad.</span> | ||
* 你 <em>跟</em> 你 妈 <em>一样</em> <strong>喜欢 买 衣服</strong>。<span class="trans">You like to buy clothes just like your mother.</span> | * 你 <em>跟</em> 你 妈 <em>一样</em> <strong>喜欢 买 衣服</strong>。<span class="trans">You like to buy clothes just like your mother.</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n=== Structure 3 ===\r\n"跟" functions as a conjunction in this structure, joining two things together. Generally, these are nouns or pronouns (as with "和"). "对" cannot function like this.\r\n<div class="jiegou"> |
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− | === Structure 3 === | ||
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− | "跟" functions as a conjunction in this structure, joining two things together. Generally, these are nouns or pronouns (as with "和"). "对" cannot function like this. | ||
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− | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
Subject 1 跟 Subject 2 + VO | Subject 1 跟 Subject 2 + VO | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples ==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 你 要 <em>跟</em> 我 一起 去 吗?<span class="trans">Are you going to go with me?</span> | * 你 要 <em>跟</em> 我 一起 去 吗?<span class="trans">Are you going to go with me?</span> | ||
* 鲜花 <em>跟</em>巧克力 是 最 好 的 礼物。<span class="trans">Flowers and chocolate are the best gifts.</span> | * 鲜花 <em>跟</em>巧克力 是 最 好 的 礼物。<span class="trans">Flowers and chocolate are the best gifts.</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n== Examples when to use 对 and not 跟 ==\r\n=== Structure ===\r\nWhen 对 as a proposition, it points to a certain target,since it can mean "point to" or "toward to". 跟 can only be used this way with 说.\r\n |
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− | == Examples when to use 对 and not 跟 == | ||
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− | === Structure === | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
Subject 1 对 Subject 2 + Verb | Subject 1 对 Subject 2 + Verb | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | ==== Examples ==== | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 那 个 美女 正 <em>对</em> 我 笑 呢。<span class="trans">That pretty girl is laughing at me.</span> | * 那 个 美女 正 <em>对</em> 我 笑 呢。<span class="trans">That pretty girl is laughing at me.</span> | ||
* 不 要 <em>对</em> 老板 发脾气, 不然 后果 很 严重。<span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.</span> | * 不 要 <em>对</em> 老板 发脾气, 不然 后果 很 严重。<span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n== Example Dialog ==\r\n<div class="liju"> |
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− | == Example Dialog == | ||
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− | <div class="liju"> | ||
* A: 那 个 帅哥 在 <em>对</em> 我 招手!<span class="trans">That handsome guy is motioning for me to go to him!</span> | * A: 那 个 帅哥 在 <em>对</em> 我 招手!<span class="trans">That handsome guy is motioning for me to go to him!</span> | ||
* B: 那 你 要 <em>跟</em> 他 去 吗?<span class="trans">Well, are you going to go with him?</span> | * B: 那 你 要 <em>跟</em> 他 去 吗?<span class="trans">Well, are you going to go with him?</span> | ||
− | </div> | + | </div>\r\n== See also ==\r\n* [[Expressing "with" with "gen"]] |
− | + | * [[Using "dui"]]\r\n== Sources and further reading ==\r\n=== Books ===\r\n*[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (跟 p. 201) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]\r\n=== Dictionaries === | |
− | == See also == | + | * [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (跟p.465 对p.343) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]\r\n |
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− | * [[Expressing "with" with "gen"]] | ||
− | * [[Using "dui"]] | ||
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− | == Sources and further reading == | ||
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− | === Books === | ||
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− | *[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (跟 p. 201) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy] | ||
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− | === Dictionaries === | ||
− | * [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (跟p.465 对p.343) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy] | ||
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[[Category:grammar comparison]] | [[Category:grammar comparison]] | ||
{{Basic Grammar|跟|B2|跟 vs 对|那 个 帅哥 在 <em>对</em> 我 招手!那 你 要 <em>跟</em> 他 去 吗?|grammar point|ASGC5Y86}} | {{Basic Grammar|跟|B2|跟 vs 对|那 个 帅哥 在 <em>对</em> 我 招手!那 你 要 <em>跟</em> 他 去 吗?|grammar point|ASGC5Y86}} |
Revision as of 06:12, 26 November 2013
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\r\n
跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different.After reading this article, you will know the difference! \r\n == When they have the same form and same meaning when used with 说 ==\r\nWhen using the verb 说, 跟 and 对 can both be used in a similar sentence pattern. 跟 and 对 are both prepositions, and they both express one person speaking to another. \r\n
=== Structure ===\r\n
Person A + 跟/对 + Person B 说
\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n
- 我 跟 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。I told her, but she didn't believe me.
- 我 对 她 说 了,但是 她 不 信。I told her, but she didn't believe me.
- 他 对 我 说 他 爱 我。He told me he loved me.
- 他 跟 我 说 他 爱 我。He told me he loved me.
- 刚才 你 对 他 说 什么 了?What did you just tell him?
- 刚才 你 跟 他 说 什么 了?What did you just tell him?
\r\n== When they have a similar grammar structure but different meanings ==\r\n跟 and 对 can be verbs, and they often are used with a 着, however their meanings are different. \r\n === Structure ===\r\n
Subject + 跟/对 + Object
\r\n==== Examples for 跟====\r\n跟 is a verb, and it's simplest meaning is "follow." Often it is used as a verb phrase, such as 跟着, 跟上, 跟不上, 跟得上, 跟somebody + Verb.\r\n\r\n
- 这 只 小 猫 总是 跟着 我。This little cat always follows me.
- 你 走 得 太 快 ,我 跟不上。You walk too fast, I can't keep up.
- 你 想 跟 我 去 吗?Do you want to go with me?
\r\n==== Examples for 对====\r\n对 is also a verb, put it has the meaning of "towards" or "point to." Often it is used as: 对着, 对上, 对不上.\r\n
- 枪口 不 要 对着 人。Don't point that at people.
- 我 喜欢 对着 镜子 笑。I like to laugh at myself in the mirror.
- 这 两 本 账 对不上。These two accounts don't match up.
\r\n== When to use 跟 and not 对 ==\r\n跟 is a proposition, and it can be used in comparison. It will often have a supplementary explanation, similar to how 和 can be used (as in 我和你一样高). 对 cannot be used this way.\r\n === Structure 1 ===\r\nThis structure is used to explain that two things are (or aren't) similar.\r\n
A + 跟 + B + (不)一样
\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n
- 我 跟 你们 不一样,我 还 有 孩子 呢。I am not like you guys. I still have kids.
- 上海 跟 纽约 一样,都 是 国际 大 都市。Shanghai and New York are alike; they are both international cities.
\r\n=== Structure 2===\r\nThis structure shows that two nouns are the same in some some aspect, which is the word that follows "一样".\r\n
A + 跟 + B + (不)一样 + Adjective
\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n
- 我 现在 跟 我 爸 一样 高。Now I'm as tall as my dad.
- 你 跟 你 妈 一样 喜欢 买 衣服。You like to buy clothes just like your mother.
\r\n=== Structure 3 ===\r\n"跟" functions as a conjunction in this structure, joining two things together. Generally, these are nouns or pronouns (as with "和"). "对" cannot function like this.\r\n
Subject 1 跟 Subject 2 + VO
\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n
- 你 要 跟 我 一起 去 吗?Are you going to go with me?
- 鲜花 跟巧克力 是 最 好 的 礼物。Flowers and chocolate are the best gifts.
\r\n== Examples when to use 对 and not 跟 ==\r\n=== Structure ===\r\nWhen 对 as a proposition, it points to a certain target,since it can mean "point to" or "toward to". 跟 can only be used this way with 说.\r\n
Subject 1 对 Subject 2 + Verb
\r\n==== Examples ====\r\n
- 那 个 美女 正 对 我 笑 呢。That pretty girl is laughing at me.
- 不 要 对 老板 发脾气, 不然 后果 很 严重。Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.
\r\n== Example Dialog ==\r\n
- A: 那 个 帅哥 在 对 我 招手!That handsome guy is motioning for me to go to him!
- B: 那 你 要 跟 他 去 吗?Well, are you going to go with him?
\r\n== See also ==\r\n* Expressing "with" with "gen"
- Using "dui"\r\n== Sources and further reading ==\r\n=== Books ===\r\n*现代汉语八百词(增订本) (跟 p. 201) →buy\r\n=== Dictionaries ===
- 现代汉语词典(第5版) (跟p.465 对p.343) →buy\r\n