Non-exhaustive lists with "dengdeng"

等等 (děng děng), or simply 等, has the same meaning as “and so on” or “etc.” in English. Both are placed after a series of items (the list of which generally exceeds two items).

Structure

The basic structure is easy. Just make a list of things, and add 等 or 等等 to the end of the list. It's the same as in English when we use "etc." at the end of a list.

A1,A2...等/等等

Examples

• 我 喜欢 看 书、逛 街、睡觉 等。I like to read books, window-shop, sleep etc.
• 西瓜、菠萝、苹果、葡萄 等等，都 是 我 喜欢 的 水果。Watermelons, pineapples, apples, grapes and so on are all the fruits that I like.
• 上海、北京、深圳、香港 等，我 都 去 过。Shanghai, Beijing, Shenzhen, Hong Kong etc., I have all been to.
• Jackie Chen、Jet Li、Bruce Li等都是中国有名的功夫明星。Jackie Chen, Jet Li, Bruce Li, etc. are all famous Chinese martial arts stars.
• 长城、故宫、颐和园等地方都是北京著名的景点。The Great Wall, the Summer Museum, the Summer Palace, etc. are all famous Beijing scenic spots.
• 我教过很多外国学生，美国人、英国人、西班牙人等等。I've taught a lot of foreign students: Americans, British, Spanish, etc.
• 我的男朋友会说很多门外语，英语、法语、西班牙语等等。My boyfriend can speak many foreign languages: English, French, Spanish, etc.
• 中国的历史、文化、经济等方面我都不太了解。Chinese history, culture, economy, etc., I don't have a good understanding regarding these aspects.
• 21世纪以来，中国、印度、巴西等国家发展得都很快。From the 21st century on, China, India, Brazil and so on, are all developing very rapidly.
• 中国、印度、巴西等国家都是人口大国。China, India, Brazil and so on are all populous countries.

See also

• Ending a Non-Exhaustive List with "shenme de"
• "Stuff like that" with "zhileide"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 304) →buy