Expressing close possession without "de"

Sometimes you don't need 的 (de) to indicate certain especially close relationships.

Structure

Normally possession is expressed with the particle 的. However, in some cases you can omit 的. This happens when the possession is about:

• A close personal relationship (family, close friends, boyfriends/girlfriends)
• An institutional or organizational relationship (school, work)

In these cases 的 should be omitted (that is, it doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in).

Examples

• 这 是 我 家。This is my home.
• 这 是 我 女朋友 This is my girlfriend.
• 我 妈妈 每天 都 做饭。My mom cooks every day.
• 我们 学校 很 大。Our school is big.
• 我们 公司 在 西安。Our company is in Xi'an.
• 他 爸爸 是 我们 公司 的 老板。His dad is the boss of our company.
• 你 姐姐 很 难看 。Your older sister is ugly.
• 我 家 里 还 有 一 个 妹妹 。I also have a little sister at home.
• 他们 儿子 很 有名。Their son is really famous.
• 我 女儿 会 说话 了。My daughter can talk now.

If 的 was used in the above examples, it would create a sense of distance between the two, and possibly even imply that the relationship is not particularly close.

See also

• Expressing possession
• Modifying nouns with adjective + de
• Modifying nouns with phrase + de

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 76) →buy