Result complements

Result complements or one of the most common and useful types of complements. Often the complement is simply an adjective like 好 (hǎo) or a single syllable like 完 (). They indicate that an action has led to a certain result and make that result clear to the listener.

Using Adjectives

好 (hǎo) implies that something is done to completion or done well. Forming a result complement with 好 has a very similar meaning to forming one with 完. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.

错 (cuò) is used to express that an action has been performed incorrectly in some way, resulting in a mistake (错). This pattern covers what is often expressed with the adverb "incorrectly" in English.

Other adjectives commonly used as result complements include: 清楚 (qīngchu), 明白 (míngbai), 干净 (gānjìng), 晚 (wǎn), 饱 (bǎo), 坏 (huài), 破 (pò).

Structure

For the basic structure, you'll almost always see a 了 after the complement:

Verb + Adj. + 了

Examples

• 我们 吃 好 了 。Wǒmen chī hǎo le.We finished eating.
• 作业 做 好 了 吗 ？Zuòyè zuò hǎo le ma?Did you finish doing your homework?
• 这 个 字 写 错 了。Zhège zì xiě cuò le.You wrote this character wrong.
• 他 玩 坏 了 哥哥 的 玩具 。Tā wán huài le gēge de wánjù.He broke his older brother's toy.

To negate a result complement, use 没 instead of 不 (and no 了):

没 + Verb + Adj.

• 我 没 记 错 。Wǒ méi jì cuò.I didn't remember incorrectly.
• 你 没 吃 饱 吗 ？Nǐ méi chī bǎo ma?Are you not full?
• 我们 来 晚 了 吗 ？Wǒmen lái wǎn le ma?Are we late?
• 衣服 没 洗 干净 。Yīfu méi gānjìng.The clothes aren't clean.

When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a topic. This means the object is moved to the beginning of the sentence and the subject is often omitted:

Topic + Verb + Adj. + 了

• 你 的 鞋 已经 穿 坏 了 。Nǐ de xié yǐjīng chuān huài le.Your shoes are worn out.
• 杯子 是 谁 摔 坏 的 ？Bēizi shì shéi shuāi huài de?Who broke the cup?
• 大家 都 听 清楚 了 吗 ？ Dàjiā dōu tīng qīngchu le ma?Does everyone hear this clearly?
• 房间 打扫 干净 了 吗 ？Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo gānjìng le ma?Is your room all cleaned up?

Using One-syllable Verbs

Besides adjectives, there are a few single-syllable verbs which an also be used as result complements. Some examples include 到 (dào), 见 (jiàn), 懂 (dǒng), 走 (zǒu), 掉 (diào). There really aren't a lot of these.

Examples

• 老师 拿 走 了 我 的 iPad 。 Lǎoshī ná zǒu le wǒ de iPad.The teacher took away my iPad.
• 小偷 偷 走 了 我 的钱包 。 Xiǎotōu tōu zǒu le wǒ de qiánbāo.The thief stole my wallet.
• 不要 了，扔掉 吧 。Bù yào le, rēng diào bā.I don't want it any more. Throw it away.
• 太 热 了 ，外套 脱 掉 吧 。 Tài rè le, wàitào tuō diào bā.It‘s too hot. Let's take off our jackets.
• 我 刚刚 卖 掉 了 我 的 旧 手机 。Wǒ gānggāng mài diào le wǒ de jiù shǒujī.I just sold my old cell phone.

Compared with Potential Complements

Result and Potential Complements

Result Complement	Aff. Potential Complement	Neg. Potential Complement
做 完	做 得 完	做 不 完
听 懂	听 得 懂	听 不 懂
看 清楚	看 得 清楚	看 不 清楚
洗 干净	洗 得 干净	洗 不 干净

See also

All result complements work particularly well in a 把 sentence.

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 43- 4) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 233-4) →buy