Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect

因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯(yīnwèi...ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect. It is used like this:

Structure

Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result

Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that shorter and more succinct.

Examples

• 我 因为 生病 而 请假。Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
• 欧洲 的 经济 因为 债务 危机 而 陷入 衰退。Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
• 首相 因为 受贿 丑闻 而 下 了 台。Because the prime minister accepted bribes, he fell from power.
• 伦敦 地铁 因 罢工 而 处于 瘫痪 状态。Because of the London Metro strike, everything shut down.

See also

• Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"
• Explaining results with "suoyi"

Sources and further reading

Books

• New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5) (pp. 92) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy

Websites

• Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Usage of 而

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