Using "guo" with "le"

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You might be familiar with using 过 (guò) to indicate that an action has been experienced in the past, but then also see it used together with 了 (le). What's going on here? A special explanation is in order.

Basic Pattern

Structure

Verb + 过 + 了

You'll notice that this pattern is often used for everyday behaviors. It's used for actions like "eating" and "brushing one's teeth" and "taking a shower."

Examples

  • 她 吃 过 了。 Tā chī guò le.She has eaten (already).
  • 牙 刷 过 了。Yá shuā guò le.I've brushed my teeth (already).
  • 洗 过 了。Xǐ guò le. I've showered (already).
  • 我们 看 过 了。 Wǒmen kàn guò le.We've seen it (already).
  • 他们 见 过 了。Tāmen jiàn guò le. They've met (already).

The Pattern with an Object

For the examples above, you could have inserted an object to modify the basic pattern, getting this:

Verb + 过 + Obj. + 了

The object has been inserted in the sentences below:

  • 你 吃 过 饭 了 吗？Nǐ chī guò fàn le ma? Have you eaten (already)?
  • 我 刷 过 牙 了。 Wǒ shuā guò yá le.I have brushed my teeth (already).
  • 他 洗 过 澡 了。 Tā xǐ guò zǎo le.He has had a shower (already).
  • 我 给 他 打 过 电话 了。Wǒ gěi tā dǎ guò diànhuà le.I called him (already).
  • 客户 看 过 合同 了 吗？Kèhù kàn guò hétong le ma? Has the client read the contract (already)?

What the 过 does

You would be right to point out that 过 (guò) is mainly used to call attention to the fact that someone has had an experience. This is the basic pattern pointed out in the article on the basic usage of the aspectual particle 过 (guò). In the examples above, though, it's not any "once-in-a-lifetime" experiences being expressed, it's more just the information that these actions are done. Here, 过 (guò) and 了 (le) work together to emphasize that an action is already done. This is why the translations on the side add the word "already" in parentheses at the end; this is the feeling the sentences give you. In fact, to emphasize the idea of already done even further, you could add the word for "already," 已经 (yǐjīng), before the verbs in the examples below, and it also works just fine:

  • 她 已经 吃 过 饭 了。 Tā yǐjīng chī guò fàn le.She has already eaten (a meal).
  • 我 已经 刷 过 牙 了。 Wǒ yǐjīng shuā guò yá le.I have already brushed my teeth.
  • 他 已经 洗 过 澡 了。 Tā yǐjīng xǐ guò zǎo le.He has already had a shower .

When to use 过 + 了

So when would you use the sentences above? You'd be emphasizing that the action has already occurred (so it doesn't need to be done again), so it would probably be something like this:

For the eating example:

  • 她 想 吃 吗 ？ Tā xiǎng chī ma?"Does she want to eat?"
  • 她 已经 吃 过 饭 了。 Tā yǐjīng chī guò fàn le."She has already eaten (a meal)."

For the tooth brushing example:

  • 别 忘记 刷牙。 Bié wàngjì shuāyá."Don't forget to brush your teeth."
  • 我 已经 刷 过 牙 了。Wǒ yǐjīng shuā guò yá le. "I have already brushed my teeth."

For the taking a shower example:

  • 他 应该 洗澡。 Tā yīnggāi xǐzǎo."He should take a shower."
  • 他 已经 洗 过 澡 了。 Tā yǐjīng xǐ guò zǎo le."He has already had a shower ."

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Websites

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