Affirmative-negative questions
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A common way to form questions in Chinese is to first use a verb in the positive, then repeat the same verb in its negative form, similar to how in English we can say, "Do you have money or not?" or "Have you or have you not been to the park?" These are called "affirmative-negative questions" or "alternative questions."
Contents
Verb Not Verb
Structure
Verb + 不 + Verb
Examples
- 他 很 好，是 不 是 ？He is very good, right?
- 他们 来 不 来 ？Have they arrived yet?
- 老板，十 块 钱 三 个，卖 不 卖？Boss, 10 kuai for 3, should i sell it or not?
- KFC，吃 不 吃？Do you want to eat at KFC?
- 咖啡，要 不 要？Do you want coffee?
- 这 件 不 贵，买 不 买？This is not expensive, do you want to buy it?
- 那里 有 个 公园， 去 不 去 ？There is a park, have you went there?
- 很 晚 了，走 不 走？It's late, do you want to go or not?
- 她 去 了，你 去 不 去？She went, are you going or not?
- 我们 去 打 球，你 打 不 打？We are going to play ball, do you want to play?
Note that the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Verb" or "不 Verb."
Verb Not Verb with an Object
Structure
If you want to add an object after the verb, the general sentence structure is:
Subject + Verb + 不 + Verb + Object
Examples
- 你 吃 不 吃 饭？Have you eaten?
- 你 要 不 要 咖啡？Do you want coffee?
- 你 想 不 想 喝酒？Do you want to drink alcohol?
- 你 去 不 去 公园？Have you went to the park?
- 你 见 不 见 她？Have you seen her?
- 你 打 不 打 球？Do you play ball?
- 吃 不 吃 KFC？Do you eat KFC?
- 买 不 买 衣服？Do you buy clothes?
- 今天 你 做 不 做 晚饭？Did you cook dinner today?
- 喝不喝 可乐？Do you drink Coke?
Adjective Not Adjective
Structure
It can also be done with adjectives (adjectives often behave like verbs in Chinese):
Adjective + 不 + Adjective
Examples
- 好 不 好？Is it good?(or "good or not good?")
- 热 不 热？Is it hot?
- 冷 不 冷？Is it cold?
- 贵 不 贵？Is it expensive?
- 高 不 高？Tall or not?
- 甜 不 甜？Is it sweet?
- 辣 不 辣？Is it spicy?
- 这个女孩儿漂亮不漂亮？Is this girl beautiful?
- 中国菜好吃不好吃？Is Chinese food good?
- 这里的咖啡便宜不便宜？Is the coffee cheap here?
Again, the question provides the listener with both possible answers: it's either "Adjective" or "不 Adjective."
These are something like adding tag questions in English, in this case "Are you an adult or not?" If you wanted to translate it very literally, it would be, "Are you or are you not an adult?" In any case, the structure is a very common way to ask questions in Chinese.
Two-character verbs or adjectives in positive-negative questions
All of the verbs used so far have been single-character verbs. Using two-characters verbs in positive-negative questions is slightly trickier. You usually put 不 after the first character, then put the entire verb. For example 喜不喜欢 is the usual question form of 喜欢. You can repeat the whole two-character verb twice, but it's more common (and more elegant) to insert 不 after the first character. (The same is true of two-character adjectives.)
Structure
It can also be done with adjectives (adjectives often behave like verbs in Chinese):
the first character of Adjective + 不 + Adjective
Examples
- 喜欢 不 喜欢 (the whole word is repeated)Do you like it?
- 喜 不 喜欢 (only the first character is repeated)Do you like it?
- 高兴 不 高兴 (the whole word is repeated)Are you happy?
- 高 不 高兴 (only the first character is repeated)Are you happy?
- 这 个 女孩儿 漂亮 不 漂亮？ (the whole word is repeated)Is this girl beautiful?
- 这 个 女孩儿 漂 不 漂亮？ (only the first character is repeated)Is this girl beautiful?
- 中国 菜 好吃 不 好吃？ (the whole word is repeated)Is Chinese food good?
- 中国 菜 好 不 好吃？ (only the first character is repeated)Is Chinese food good?
- 这里 的 咖啡 便宜 不 便宜？ (the whole word is repeated)Is the coffee cheap at this place?
- 这里 的 咖啡 便 不 便宜？ (only the first character is repeated)Is the coffee cheap at this place?
有 in positive-negative questions
Structure
Because the verb 有 is negated with 没 and not 不, the structure for positive-negative questions with 有 is:
Subject + 有没有 + Object
The possible answers are: "有" or "没有."
The questions could be be asking about current possession ("do you have it or not?"), or to ask about verbs in the past ("did you do it or not?").
Examples
- 你 有 没有 电脑？Do you have a computer?
- 你 有 没有 手机？Do you have a cell phone?
- 你 有 没有 酒？Do you have alcohol?
- 你 有 没有 女 朋友？Do you have a girlfriend?
- 你 有 没有 孩子？Do you have kids?
- 你 有 没有 去 过 上海？Have you been to Shanghai?
- 你 有 没有 见 过 他？Have you seen him?
- 你 有 没有 学 过 中文？have you studied Chinese?
- 你 有 没有 坐 过 飞机？Have you been on a plane?
- 你 有 没有 吃 过 中国 菜？Have you eaten Chinese food?
- 你 有 没有 借 我 的 钱？Did you borrow my money?
- 你 有 没有 看 过 那 部 电影？Have you seen that movie?
See also
Sources and further reading
Videos
- Yoyo Chinese: Verb-not-verb Questions
Books
- Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 141-4) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 86, 102-4) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1) (pp. 87) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed) (pp. 102, 250-1) →buy
