Reduplication of adjectives
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One of the charming features of Chinese is reduplication (repeating, or doubling up) of certain words and characters, including adjectives! Reduplication makes the descriptive feeling of the adjective stronger.
Contents
One-Syllable Adjectives (AA)
If an adjective is only one syllable (one character), then reduplicating it is a no-brainer. In most Chinese textbooks and grammar books, this is known as the "AA" pattern.
Structure
Adj. + Adj. + 的 (+ Noun)
Another way of putting that (and we'll be using this form more extensively below) is:
A A + 的 (+ Noun)
Note that this pattern is also identical to single-syllable reduplication of verbs.
Examples
- 你 的 脸 红 红 的 。Your face is red.
- 宝宝 的 眼睛 大 大 的 。The baby's eyes are big.
- 今晚 的 月亮 圆 圆 的 。The moon is round tonight.
- 她 爸爸 高 高 胖 胖 的 。Her father is tall and fat.
- 我 妹妹 瘦 瘦 小 小 的 。My little sister are thin and small.
Two-Syllable Adjectives (AABB)
If the adjective has more than one character, then you should repeat each character individually (rather than the whole word). This is known as the "AABB" pattern.
Structure
In the structure below, the original two-character adjective (such as 高兴, 漂亮) is "AB," where the first character of the adjective is represented by "A," and the second by "B."
A A B B + 的 (+ Noun)
Examples
Not all two-syllable adjectives are used in AABB form, but here are some common examples of AB adjectives represented in AABB form.
- 高兴 → 高高兴兴 happy
- 热闹 → 热热闹闹 exciting
- 漂亮 → 漂漂亮亮 pretty
- 舒服 → 舒舒服服 comfortable
- 安静 → 安安静静 peaceful
Not all adjectives can take AABB form. Here are some examples of common adjectives that don't work in AABB form.
- 好吃 → 好好吃吃 tasty
- 便宜 → 便便宜宜 cheap
- 麻烦 → 麻麻烦烦 bothersome
Using Reduplicated Adjectives as Adverbs (AABB)
When adjectives are used as adverbs to modify verbs, you can reduplicate the adjective using the AABB pattern.
Structure
A A B B + 地 + Verb
Examples
- 我们 清清楚楚 地 看到 他 跟 一 个 胖 胖 的 男人 上 车 了 。We clearly saw him get in the car with a fat man.
- 我 真 想 舒舒服服 地 躺 在 沙发 上 看 电视 。I'd really like to comfortably lie on the couch and watch TV.
- 你 妈妈 辛辛苦苦 地 做 了 两 个 小时 的 饭，你 怎么 不 吃 ？辛辛苦苦 is difficult to translate into English directly!Your mother labored over this meal for two hours, and you are going to eat it?
Using Reduplicated Adjectives as Predicates (ABAB)
If you use an adjective as a predicate, then you're basically using the adjective like a verb, and you reduplicate it as you would a verb, which means ABAB form. Using an adjective in this way is roughly equivalent to using 一下 after the (non-reduplicated) adjective.
Structure for ABAB
To use a reduplicated adjective as a predicate, follow this structure:
Subj. + A B A B
In the pattern above there's no verb, because when an adjective serves as the predicate, it does the job of a verb. Notice also that there's no 的 after the ABAB, because it's not acting as an adjective.
Examples
- 妹妹 快 过 生日 了 ，我 打算 给 她 办 一 个 生日 派对 ，热闹 热闹 。My little sister's birthday is coming and I'm going to throw her a birthday party and have a blast.
- 来 ，喝 点 酒 ，高兴 高兴 。Come on, have a little wine and enjoy yourself.
- 到 这里 来 凉快 凉快 。Come over here and cool off.
Structure for AB 一下
The above structure is essentially equivalent to this one:
Subj. + A B + 一下
Examples of AB 一下
- 我 打算 给 妹妹 办 一 个 生日 派对 ，热闹 一下 。I'm going to throw a birthday party for my little sister and have a blast.
- 到 这里 来 凉快 一下 。Come over here and cool off.
- 我 想 去 做 个 按摩 ，放松 一下 。I'm going to go get a massage and unwind.
Note: The "AABB" pattern for reduplication of two-syllable adjectives contrasts with the "ABAB" pattern for reduplication of two-syllable verbs.
Sources and further reading
Books
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (p. 53) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (pp. 189-90) →buy
- Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (pp. 32-6) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 50) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4) (pp. 103-4) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册） (pp. 271-2)→buy
