Approximations with "chabuduo"
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Keywords
差不多 (chàbùduō), translated literally, means "the difference is not much." Essentially what it means in Chinese is "more or less," and is useful for expressing rough approximations. It can be used as an adjective or an adverb.
Contents
"差不多" as an Adjective
Simple Structure
When several things are 差不多 (chàbùduō), it means they are "more or less the same." (The part that means "the same" is understood in Chinese.)
Structure
Subject + 差不多
Examples
- 这 几 个 地方 都 差不多。These places are all pretty much the same.
- 这里 的 房间 都 差不多。The rooms here are all basically the same.
- 他们 的 年龄 差不多。Their ages are more or less the same.
- 我们 的 想法 差不多。Our ways of thinking are pretty much the same.
- 这 两 个 电脑 差不多。These two computers are almost the same.
- 这 几 个 杯子 差不多，你 要 哪 个？These cups are almost the same. Which one do you want?
- 这 两 家 餐厅 的 菜 都 差不多。These two restaurants' dishes are all more or less the same.
- 我们 的 中文 水平 差不多。Our levels of Chinese are more or less the same.
- 这 些 衣服 都 差不多，我 都 不 喜欢。These clothes are pretty much all the same. I don't like any of them.
- 这 两 个 词 的 意思 差不多。These two words' meanings are more or less the same.
Structure
Another often used structure is:
A 跟/和 B + 差不多
Examples
- 上海 和 纽约 差不多。Shanghai and New York are basically the same.
- 这 个 房间 跟 那 个 房间 都 差不多。This room and that room are almost the same.
- 他 的 年龄 和 她 的 年龄 差不多。His age and her age are almost the same.
- 我 的 想法 跟 他 的 想法 差不多。My way of thinking and his way of thinking are almost the same.
- 我 的 电脑 和 他 的 电脑 差不多。My computer and his computer are almost the same.
- 大 杯子 跟 小 杯子差不多，你 要 哪 个？The big glass and small glass are almost the same. Which one do you want?
- 这 家 餐厅 的 菜 跟 那 家 餐厅 的 菜 都 差不多。This restaurant's dishes and that restaurant's dishes are all more or less the same.
- 我 的 中文 水平 和 你 的 中文 水平 差不多。My Chinese level and your Chinese level are more or less the same.
- 这 件 衣服 和 那 件 衣服 都 差不多，我 都 不 喜欢。This piece of clothing and that piece are pretty much the same. I don't like either of them.
- 这 个 词 的 意思 跟 那 个 词 的 意思 差不多。This word's meaning and that word's meaning are more or less the same.
Modify nouns
As an adjective, 差不多 (chàbùduō) can be placed directly after the subject of the sentence, and when coupled with a 的 (de), can modify nouns.
Structure
Subject + Verb + 差不多 + 的 + Noun
Examples
- 我们 喜欢 差不多 的 菜。We like more or less the same food.
- 我们 有 差不多 的 中文 水平。We have more or less the same Chinese level.
- 这 两 个 词 有 差不多 的 意思。The two words have almost the same meaning.
- 我们 有 差不多 的 想法。We have more or less the same way of thinking.
- 他们 买 了 差不多 的 手机。They bought almost the same cell phone.
- 我 知道 很 多 差不多 的 餐厅。I know many similar restaurants.
- 我们 去 了 两 个 差不多 的 地方。We went to two similar places.
- 这 是 两 本 差不多 的 书。These two books are almost the same.
- 他们 买 了 差不多 的 衣服。They bought more or less the same clothes.
- 我们 有 差不多 的 电脑。We have more or less the same computer.
Antonym "差很多"
When 差不多 (chàbùduō) is an adjective, it literally means "the difference is not much." The opposite, then would be 差很多 (chà hěn duō), which literally means "the difference is very great." Less literally, if 差不多 (chàbùduō) means "more or less the same," then 差很多 (chà hěn duō) means "not the same at all."
Structure
This first pattern tells you the two are not roughly equal, but it is not always clear which is better or which is worse. Sometimes it just means they are "very different."
Subject + 差 很 多
A 跟/和 B + 差 很 多
Examples
- 我 的 电脑 很 不 好用，哥哥 的 电脑 很 好用。 我们 的 电脑 差 很 多 。My computer is hard to use, but my older brother's is easy to use. There's a big difference between our computers.
- 你 的 中文 好 ，我 的 中文 不 好 。我们 的 中文 差 很 多 。Your Chinese is good, and mine isn't good. There's a big difference in our Chinese.
- 这 家 餐厅 的 中国 菜 很 不 好吃 ，跟 那 家 餐厅 的 差 很 多 。This restaurant's Chinese food is really not good. It's a lot worse than that restaurant's.
- 我 的 年龄 跟 他 的 年龄 差 很 多 。My age and his age are really far apart.
- 我 的 看法 和 他 的 看法 也 差 很 多 。My views and his views are also quite different.
- 很 多 人 觉得 上海 和 纽约 差不多，但是 我 觉得 上海 和 纽约 差 很 多 。A lot of people think that Shanghai and New York are more are less the same, but I think that there's a big difference between Shanghai and New York.
- 这 两 个 方法 都 可以，但是 结果 会 差 很 多 。 Both of these methods are OK, but the results are going to be very different.
- 这 两 个 词 的 意思 差不多，但是 用法 差 很 多 。The meanings of these two words are basically the same, but their usages are very different.
- 中国 和 日本 的 文化 差 很 多 ，所以 中国 人 和 日本 人 的 想法 也 差 很 多 。Chinese and Japanese culture are very different, so the views of Chinese people and Japanese people are also very different.
- 他们 的 工作 能力 差 很 多 ，所以 他们 做 的 工作 不 一样 。Their work capabilities are quite different, so the work they do is not the same.
"差不多" as an adverb
When using 差不多 (chàbùduō) as an adverb, place it before the adjective or verb.
Structure
差不多 + Adj./Verb
Examples
- 这 两 个 孩子 差不多 大。These two children are more or less the same age.
- 我们 差不多 高。We are more or less the same height.
- 北京 和 上海 差不多 热。Beijing and Shanghai are both just as hot.
- 两 个 地方 差不多 远。The two places are both just as far away.
- 在 这里，香蕉 跟 苹果 差不多 贵。Here the bananas and apples are just as expensive.
- 我 差不多 到 公园 门口 了。I'm almost at the entrance of the park.
- 我 觉得 会议 差不多 结束 了。I think the meeting is almost over.
- 我 差不多 走 了 四 十 分钟。I walked for almost forty minutes.
- 工作 差不多 做 完 了。Work is almost over.
- 快点，球赛 差不多 开始 了。Hurry, the competition is almost about to begin.
- 上海 的 老外 差不多 有 十 万。Shanghai has about 100,000 foreigners.
- 这 个 房间 很 小，差不多 能 住 三 个 人。This room is really small, about three people can live here.
“差不多" with a quantity or time phrase
After 差不多 (chàbùduō) you can also add a phrase that expresses quantity or time. This makes it clear that you're giving a rough estimate.
Structure
差不多 ＋ quantity phrase / time phrase
Examples
- 我 学 中文 差不多 两年 了。I have studied Chinese for about two years.
- 他 的 儿子 差不多 十 五 岁 了 吧？His son should be about 15 years old now, right?
- 我们 走 了 差不多 一 个 小时 了。We've been walking for about an hour.
- 我们 公司 有 差不多 一百 个 人。Our company has about 100 people.
- 他 住 在 上海 差不多 三 个 月 了。He has lived in Shanghai for about three months.
- 我 认识 这里 差不多 一半 的 人。I know about half of the people here.
- 我 在 那里 工作 了 差不多 二十 年。I worked there for almost twenty years.
- 差不多 两 个 星期 以前，我 见 过 他。About two weeks ago I met with him.
- 一 个 人 从 上海 去 杭州，需要 差不多 两 百 块 钱。A person going from Shanghai to Hangzhou needs about 200 dollars.
- 我们 结婚 差不多 十 年 了。We've been married for about ten years.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (p. 111) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1 (pp. 54-5) →buy
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 116) →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (p. 145) →buy
