Difference between revisions of "Comparing "kending" "queding" and “yiding""

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If you look up 肯定 (kěndìng), 确定 (quèdìng) and 一定 (yīdìng) in the dictionary, they all have similar meanings, like "certain" or "surely." However, using them correctly in a sentence is a bit more complicated.
  
 +
== Word Overview ==
  
== 概述 ==
+
肯定 can be a verb, an adjective and an adverb. It often has a subjective, affirmative feel to it. It relates to approval and affirmation.
  
从词性上看,“肯定”可以作动词,形容词和副词。“确定”可以作动词和形容词。“一定”可以作形容词和副词。
+
确定 can be a verb or an adjective, or, less commonly, an adverb of the form "确定 + 地 + Verb." More objective in tone, it is for deciding firmly and confirming decisions.
从意义上看,“肯定”通常带有主观的、积极的感情色彩,有“认可”“同意”“保证”的意思。“确定”是对情况或动作的客观陈述,有“决定”的意思。“一定”用作形容词时意义范围较广,要视具体情况而定,用作副词时,通常会用于加强语气。
 
  
 +
一定 can be an adjective or an adverb. It cannot be used as a verb. As an adverb, it is often used in commands, or as an adjective to refer to a "particular" something.
  
== "肯定" "确定" as a Verb ==
+
== 肯定 and 确定 as Verbs ==
  
“肯定”和“确定”都可以作动词,但是用法和意义不同。“一定”不能作动词。
+
=== Structure with 肯定 ===
  
=== Structure with 肯定 ===
+
肯定 can express that something approval or affirmation, often used when a superior evaluates subordinates. When used this way, it should be followed directly by a noun or a phrase.
  
“肯定”后面要接名词或者名词性短语,表示“对…满意”,一般用于上级对下级的评价。
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
肯定 + Noun./Noun Phrase
+
肯定 + Noun / Noun Phrase
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
也可以后面接短句,表示" I am sure...".
+
肯定 can also be used to express "I am sure." When used this way it is usually a clause at the end of a sentence.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Subject + (敢)肯定 + sentences
+
Subj. + (敢)肯定 + Sentences
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 我们 团队 的 工作。
+
* 老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 我们 团队 的 工作。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>kěndìng</em> le wǒmen tuánduì de gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">The boss approved our team's work.</span>
* 如果 想 让 别人 <em>肯定</em> 你,你 就 要 好好 做。
+
* 如果 想 让 别人 <em>肯定</em> 你,你 就 要 好好 做。<span class="pinyin">Rúguǒ xiǎng ràng biérén <em>kěndìng</em> nǐ, nǐ jiù yào hǎohāo zuò.</span><span class="trans">If you want others to approve of you, you have to do good work.</span>
* 我 敢 <em>肯定</em> 这 就 是 他 的 声音。
+
* 我 敢 <em>肯定</em> 这 就 是 他的 声音。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ gǎn <em>kěndìng</em> zhè jiùshì tā de shēngyīn.</span><span class="trans">I'm quite sure that this is his voice.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
=== Structure with 确定 ===
 
=== Structure with 确定 ===
  
“确定”后面除了可以接名词或名词性短语以外,还可以接动词短语或介词短语等。表示已经定下来了,一般用于对一件事情进展状况的描述。
+
确定 has the meaning of "confirm" or "determine," and you may add a verb phrase after 确定 to indicate that something is already decided. In a question, 确定 can be used to ask if someone is "sure" or "certain."
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
确定 +  Phrases / short sentences
+
确定 +  Phrase / Sentence
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 我们 还 没有 <em>确定</em> 什么 时候 开始。
+
* 我们 还 没有 <em>确定</em> 什么 时候 开始。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen hái méiyǒu <em>quèdìng</em> shénme shíhou kāishǐ.</span><span class="trans">We still haven't decided when to start.</span>
* 已经 <em>确定</em>了 三 个 人,还 差 一 个。
+
* 已经 <em>确定</em> 了 三 个 人,还 差 一 个。<span class="pinyin">Yǐjīng <em>quèdìng</em> le sān gè rén, hái chà yī gè.</span><span class="trans">Three people have already been confirmed, and one more is needed.</span>
* 你 <em>确定</em> 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人?
+
* 你 <em>确定</em> 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>quèdìng</em> tā shì wǒmen yào zhǎo de rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you certain he's the person we should look for?</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Right or Wrong ===
+
=== Common Mistakes ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li class="x">我们 要 先 <em>肯定</em> 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。</li>
+
<li class="x">我们 要 先 <em>肯定</em> 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">In this sentence, 肯定 needs to be followed by a noun or a noun phrase.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen yào xiān <em>kěndìng</em> yī gè xíngshì cái néng kāishǐ zuò.</span></li>
<li class="o">我们 要 先 <em>确定</em> 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。</li>
+
<li class="o">我们 要 先 <em>确定</em> 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen yào xiān <em>quèdìng</em> yī gè xíngshì cáinéng kāishǐ zuò.</span><span class="trans">We'll have to decide on a design before we can start working.</span></li>
<li class="x">老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 最近 我 工作 很 努力。</li>
+
</ul>
<li class="x">老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 最近 努力 工作。</li>
+
<ul>
 +
<li class="x">老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 最近 我 很 努力。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">In this sentence, "肯定" needs to be followed by a noun or noun phrase.</span><span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>kěndìng</em> le zuìjìn wǒ hěn nǔlì.</span></li>
 +
<li class="o">老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 最近 的 努力。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">By changing the word order, we get a noun phrase instead of a verb phrase.</span><span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>kěndìng</em> le wǒ zuìjìn de nǔlì.</span><span class="trans">The boss approved of my recent hard work.</span></li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== "肯定" "一定as a Adverb ==
+
== 肯定 and 一定 as Adverbs ==
  
“肯定”和“一定”都可以作副词,结构相同,“肯定”更侧重强调主观判断或许诺,“一定”有时候带有强求或命令的语气。
+
肯定 and 一定 can both be adverbs, and the grammar structures for both are similar. 肯定 emphasizes more of a subjective judgment or assurance. 一定 sometimes carries a bossy air, useful when issuing a command.
  
 
=== Structure with  肯定 ===
 
=== Structure with  肯定 ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
肯定 + Adjective / Verb
+
肯定 + Adj. / Verb
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 他 <em>肯定</em> 还 没 起床,手机 现在 还 没 开 机。
+
* 他 <em>肯定</em> 还 没 起床,因为 他 的 手机 现在 还 没 开机。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>kěndìng</em> hái méi qǐchuáng, yīnwèi tā de shǒujī xiànzài hái méi kāijī.</span><span class="trans">He definitely hasn't gotten out of bed yet, because his phone is still off.</span>
* 这 次 我 <em>肯定</em> 不 骗 你,骗 你 是 小 狗,好 吧?
+
* 这 次 我 <em>肯定</em> 不 骗 你,骗 你 是 小 狗,好 吧?<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">The idiom 骗你是小狗 literally means "to deceive you is to be a small dog." It doesn't have a good English equivalent.</span><span class="pinyin">Zhè cì wǒ <em>kěndìng</em> bù piàn nǐ, piàn nǐ shì xiǎogǒu, hǎo ba?</span><span class="trans">I'm not lying this time. Cross my heart.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
一定 + Adjective / Verb
+
一定 + Adj. / Verb
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 明天 你们 <em>一定</em> 要 来。
+
* 明天 你们 <em>一定</em> 要 来。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān nǐmen <em>yīdìng</em> yào lái.</span><span class="trans">You guys definitely have to come tomorrow.</span>
* <em>一定</em> 要 小心。
+
* <em>一定</em> 要 小心。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yīdìng</em> yào xiǎoxīn.</span><span class="trans">You've absolutely got to be careful.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Right or Wrong ===
+
=== Common Mistakes ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
<ul>
 
<ul>
<li class="x">你们 <em>肯定</em> 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。</li>
+
<li class="x">你们 <em>肯定</em> 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Since it's a command, "肯定" is not appropriate.</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>kěndìng</em> yào qù tīng wǒ de yǎnchàng huì.</span></li>
<li class="o">你们 <em>一定</em> 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。</li>
+
<li class="o">你们 <em>一定</em> 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>yīdìng</em> yào qù tīng wǒ de yǎnchàng huì.</span><span class="trans">You guys totally have to go listen to me in concert.</span> </li>
 
</ul>
 
</ul>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== "肯定" "确定"  "一定" as a Adjective ==
+
== 肯定, 确定, and 一定 as Adjectives ==
  
都可以放在名词前面。但是在这个结构中,“肯定”和“确定”都是它们作为动词时的意义,“一定”作形容词的时候不表达一种语气,表示“某种特定的”。
+
=== Structures ===
  
=== Structures ===
+
All three of these can be placed before a noun as adjectives.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
肯定 + (的 +) Noun
+
肯定 / 确定 / 一定 + (的 +) Noun
</div>
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
确定 + (的 +) Noun
 
</div>
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
一定 + (的 +) Noun
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
But when used in this grammar structure, you must clearly differentiate the ''meanings'' of the words. 肯定 takes its verb meaning of "affirmative" or "approving," and 确定 takes its verb meaning of "confirmed" or "clearly decided," and 一定 as an adjective means "certain" or "particular."
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
* 如果 你 问 我 是不是 知道 这 件 事情,我 的 回答 是 <em>肯定</em> 的。
+
* 如果 你 问 我 是 不 是 知道 这 件 事情,我 的 回答 是 <em>肯定</em> 的。<span class="pinyin">Rúguǒ nǐ wèn wǒ shì bu shì zhīdào zhè jiàn shìqing, wǒ de huídá shì <em>kěndìng</em> de.</span><span class="trans">If you ask me if I know about this, my answer will be affirmative.</span>
* 请 给 我 一 个 <em>确定</em> 的 回答,不 要 总是 这么 模糊。
+
* 请 给 我 一 个 <em>确定</em> 的 回答,不 要 总是 这么 模糊。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng gěi wǒ yī gè <em>quèdìng</em> de huídá, bùyào zǒng shì zhème móhu.</span><span class="trans">Please give me a definite response. Don't always be so vague.</span>
* 我们 之间 要 保持 <em>一定</em> 距离。
+
* 我们 之间 要 保持 <em>一定</em> 距离。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zhī jiān yào bǎochí <em>yīdìng</em> jùlí.</span><span class="trans">We need to keep a certain distance between us.</span>
* 这 件 事 和 他 有 <em>一定</em> 的 关系,不 能 都 怪 你。
+
* 这 件 事 和 他 有 <em>一定</em> 的 关系,不 能 都 怪 你。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shì hé tā yǒu <em>yīdìng</em> de guānxì, bù néng dōu guài nǐ.</span><span class="trans">He has a certain connection with this matter. We can't completely blame you.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== See also ==
+
== See Also ==
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
*[[对外汉语教学语法释疑201例]] (肯定 vs 一定 p.180) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
 
  
*[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (一定 p.603) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 4上|55}}
 +
 
 +
{{Source|对外汉语教学语法释疑201例|180}}
 +
 
 +
{{Source|现代汉语八百词(增订本)|603}}
 +
 
 +
{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|5}}
  
 
=== Dictionaries ===
 
=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (肯定p.776 一定 p.1594 确定p.1136) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
 
  
 +
{{Source|现代汉语词典(第5版)|776, 1594, 1136}}
  
 
[[Category:grammar comparison]]
 
[[Category:grammar comparison]]
{{Basic Grammar|肯定|B2|肯定 vs 确定 vs 一定|老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 我们 团队 的 工作。你 <em>确定</em> 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人?<em>一定</em> 要 小心。|grammar point|ASGDPS0J}}
+
{{HSK|HSK4}}
 +
{{Basic Grammar|肯定||肯定 vs 确定 vs 一定|老板 <em>肯定</em> 了 我们 团队 的 工作。你 <em>确定</em> 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人?<em>一定</em> 要 小心。|grammar point|ASGDPS0J}}
 
{{Rel char|确定}}
 
{{Rel char|确定}}
 
{{Rel char|一定}}
 
{{Rel char|一定}}
Line 145: Line 149:
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
{{Comparison}}
+
{{Used for|Expressing determination}}
 +
{{Comparison|Separate Functions}}
 +
{{Translation|certain}}

Latest revision as of 02:48, 18 December 2020

Chinese-grammar-wiki-肯定.jpg

If you look up 肯定 (kěndìng), 确定 (quèdìng) and 一定 (yīdìng) in the dictionary, they all have similar meanings, like "certain" or "surely." However, using them correctly in a sentence is a bit more complicated.

Word Overview

肯定 can be a verb, an adjective and an adverb. It often has a subjective, affirmative feel to it. It relates to approval and affirmation.

确定 can be a verb or an adjective, or, less commonly, an adverb of the form "确定 + 地 + Verb." More objective in tone, it is for deciding firmly and confirming decisions.

一定 can be an adjective or an adverb. It cannot be used as a verb. As an adverb, it is often used in commands, or as an adjective to refer to a "particular" something.

肯定 and 确定 as Verbs

Structure with 肯定

肯定 can express that something approval or affirmation, often used when a superior evaluates subordinates. When used this way, it should be followed directly by a noun or a phrase.

肯定 + Noun / Noun Phrase

肯定 can also be used to express "I am sure." When used this way it is usually a clause at the end of a sentence.

Subj. + (敢)肯定 + Sentences

Examples with 肯定

  • 老板 肯定 了 我们 团队 的 工作。Lǎobǎn kěndìng le wǒmen tuánduì de gōngzuò.The boss approved our team's work.
  • 如果 想 让 别人 肯定 你,你 就 要 好好 做。Rúguǒ xiǎng ràng biérén kěndìng nǐ, nǐ jiù yào hǎohāo zuò.If you want others to approve of you, you have to do good work.
  • 我 敢 肯定 这 就 是 他的 声音。Wǒ gǎn kěndìng zhè jiùshì tā de shēngyīn.I'm quite sure that this is his voice.

Structure with 确定

确定 has the meaning of "confirm" or "determine," and you may add a verb phrase after 确定 to indicate that something is already decided. In a question, 确定 can be used to ask if someone is "sure" or "certain."

确定 + Phrase / Sentence

Examples with 确定

  • 我们 还 没有 确定 什么 时候 开始。Wǒmen hái méiyǒu quèdìng shénme shíhou kāishǐ.We still haven't decided when to start.
  • 已经 确定 了 三 个 人,还 差 一 个。Yǐjīng quèdìng le sān gè rén, hái chà yī gè.Three people have already been confirmed, and one more is needed.
  • 确定 他 是 我们 要 找 的 人 吗?quèdìng tā shì wǒmen yào zhǎo de rén ma?Are you certain he's the person we should look for?

Common Mistakes

  • 我们 要 先 肯定 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。In this sentence, 肯定 needs to be followed by a noun or a noun phrase.Wǒmen yào xiān kěndìng yī gè xíngshì cái néng kāishǐ zuò.
  • 我们 要 先 确定 一 个 形式 才 能 开始 做。Wǒmen yào xiān quèdìng yī gè xíngshì cáinéng kāishǐ zuò.We'll have to decide on a design before we can start working.
  • 老板 肯定 了 最近 我 很 努力。In this sentence, "肯定" needs to be followed by a noun or noun phrase.Lǎobǎn kěndìng le zuìjìn wǒ hěn nǔlì.
  • 老板 肯定 了 我 最近 的 努力。By changing the word order, we get a noun phrase instead of a verb phrase.Lǎobǎn kěndìng le wǒ zuìjìn de nǔlì.The boss approved of my recent hard work.

肯定 and 一定 as Adverbs

肯定 and 一定 can both be adverbs, and the grammar structures for both are similar. 肯定 emphasizes more of a subjective judgment or assurance. 一定 sometimes carries a bossy air, useful when issuing a command.

Structure with 肯定

肯定 + Adj. / Verb

Examples with 肯定

  • 肯定 还 没 起床,因为 他 的 手机 现在 还 没 开机。kěndìng hái méi qǐchuáng, yīnwèi tā de shǒujī xiànzài hái méi kāijī.He definitely hasn't gotten out of bed yet, because his phone is still off.
  • 这 次 我 肯定 不 骗 你,骗 你 是 小 狗,好 吧?The idiom 骗你是小狗 literally means "to deceive you is to be a small dog." It doesn't have a good English equivalent.Zhè cì wǒ kěndìng bù piàn nǐ, piàn nǐ shì xiǎogǒu, hǎo ba?I'm not lying this time. Cross my heart.

Structure with 一定

一定 + Adj. / Verb

Examples with 一定

  • 明天 你们 一定 要 来。Míngtiān nǐmen yīdìng yào lái.You guys definitely have to come tomorrow.
  • 一定 要 小心。Yīdìng yào xiǎoxīn.You've absolutely got to be careful.

Common Mistakes

  • 你们 肯定 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。Since it's a command, "肯定" is not appropriate.Nǐmen kěndìng yào qù tīng wǒ de yǎnchàng huì.
  • 你们 一定 要 去 听 我 的 演唱会。Nǐmen yīdìng yào qù tīng wǒ de yǎnchàng huì.You guys totally have to go listen to me in concert.

肯定, 确定, and 一定 as Adjectives

Structures

All three of these can be placed before a noun as adjectives.

肯定 / 确定 / 一定 + (的 +) Noun

But when used in this grammar structure, you must clearly differentiate the meanings of the words. 肯定 takes its verb meaning of "affirmative" or "approving," and 确定 takes its verb meaning of "confirmed" or "clearly decided," and 一定 as an adjective means "certain" or "particular."

Examples

  • 如果 你 问 我 是 不 是 知道 这 件 事情,我 的 回答 是 肯定 的。Rúguǒ nǐ wèn wǒ shì bu shì zhīdào zhè jiàn shìqing, wǒ de huídá shì kěndìng de.If you ask me if I know about this, my answer will be affirmative.
  • 请 给 我 一 个 确定 的 回答,不 要 总是 这么 模糊。Qǐng gěi wǒ yī gè quèdìng de huídá, bùyào zǒng shì zhème móhu.Please give me a definite response. Don't always be so vague.
  • 我们 之间 要 保持 一定 距离。Wǒmen zhī jiān yào bǎochí yīdìng jùlí.We need to keep a certain distance between us.
  • 这 件 事 和 他 有 一定 的 关系,不 能 都 怪 你。Zhè jiàn shì hé tā yǒu yīdìng de guānxì, bù néng dōu guài nǐ.He has a certain connection with this matter. We can't completely blame you.

See Also

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