Difference between revisions of "Emphasizing quantity with "dou""

m
m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK2}}" to "{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}")
 
(54 intermediate revisions by 11 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
都 (dōu) is one of those characters that on the surface may seem simple, but actually has many different subtle uses. In this article, we will look at using 都 (dōu) to emphasize quantity.  
+
都 (dōu) is one of those words that on the surface may seem simple, but actually has many different subtle uses. In this article, we will look at using [[]] (dōu) to emphasize quantity.  
  
=== Structure ===
+
== Structure ==
  
You can use 都 (dōu) to emphasis the large quantity of something, particularly a group of people. The subject should be some sort of large group (like a majority of people or things), e.g. "很多人 (hěnduō rén)" or "大家 (dàjiā)."
+
You can use 都 (dōu) to emphasize the large quantity of something. The subject should be some sort of large group (like a majority of people or things), e.g. 很多人 (hěn duō rén) or 大家 (dàjiā).  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 都 + Verb + Object
+
Subj. + 都 + Verb + Obj.
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 +
== Examples with 很多 (hěn duō) ==
  
=== Examples ===
+
First let's look at some typical examples using 很多 (hěn duō) to emphasize that it's "a lot."  Note that in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's ''totally natural'' (and kind of weird not to).  If you remember to follow the rule and keep using the 都 (dōu), eventually it will become more natural for you too.
  
First let's look at some typical examples using 很多 (hěnduō) to emphasize that it's "a lot." Note that in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's ''totally natural'' (and kind of weird not to).  Eventually it will become more natural.
+
<div class="liju">
  
<div class="liju">
+
* <strong>很 多</strong> 地方 <em>都</em> 有 wifi。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hěn duō</strong> dìfang <em>dōu</em> yǒu wifi.</span><span class="trans">A lot of places have wifi.</span>
 +
*我 的 <strong>很 多</strong> 朋友 <em>都</em> 有 车。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de <strong> hěn duō</strong> péngyou <em>dōu</em> yǒu chē.</span><span class="trans">A lot of my friends have cars.</span>
 +
* <strong>很 多</strong> 美国人 <em>都</em> 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。 <span class="pinyin"><strong>Hěn duō </strong> Měiguó rén <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan hē kāfēi.</span><span class="trans">A lot of Americans like drinking coffee.</span>
 +
* <strong>很 多</strong> 孩子 <em>都</em> 不 喜欢 上学。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hěn duō</strong> háizi <em>dōu</em> bù xǐhuan shàngxué.</span><span class="trans">A lot of kids don't like to go to school.</span>
 +
* <strong>很 多</strong> 年轻人 <em>都</em> 想 在 大 城市 工作。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Hěn duō</strong> niánqīng rén <em>dōu</em> xiǎng zài dà chéngshì gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities.</span>
  
* 很 <strong>多</strong> 人 <em>都</em> 喜欢 你 。 <span class="pinyin">Hěn <strong>duō</strong> rén <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan nǐ.</span><span class="trans">A lot of people like you.</span>
 
* 很 <strong>多</strong> 人 <em>都</em> 想 找 好 工作。<span class="pinyin">Hěn <strong>duō </strong> rén <em>dōu</em> xiǎng zhǎo hǎo gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">A lot of people want to find a good job.</span>
 
* 很 <strong>多</strong> 地方 <em>都</em> 有 WiFi。<span class="pinyin">Hěn <strong>duō</strong> dìfāng <em>dōu</em> yǒu WiFi.</span><span class="trans">A lot of places have WiFi.</span>
 
* 很 <strong>多</strong> 小孩 <em>都</em> 不 喜欢 上学。<span class="pinyin">Hěn <strong>duō </strong> xiǎohái <em>dōu</em> bù xǐhuan shàngxué .</span><span class="trans">A lot of kids don't like to go to school.</span>
 
* 我 的 很 <strong>多</strong> 朋友 <em>都</em> 有 车。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de hěn <strong>duō</strong> péngyou <em>dōu</em> yǒu chē .</span><span class="trans">A lot of my friends have cars.</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Now let's look at some examples using "大家 (dàjiā)" or "everyone." Again, in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's ''totally natural'' (and kind of weird not to).  You just have to get used to it.
+
== Examples with 大家 (dàjiā) ==
 +
 
 +
Now let's look at some examples using 大家 (dàjiā) or "everyone." Again, in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's ''totally natural'' (and kind of weird not to).  You just have to get used to it.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
   
 
   
* 今天 <strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 来 了 <span class="pinyin">Jīntiān <strong>dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> láile.</span><span class="trans">Today, everyone came.</span>
+
*<strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 来 了 吗?<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> lái le ma?</span><span class="trans">Is everyone here?</span>
* <strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 说 你 很 聪明 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā </strong> <em>dōu</em> shuō nǐ hěn cōngmíng.</span><span class="trans">Everyone says you're smart.</span>
+
*<strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 应该 知道。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> yīnggāi zhīdào.</span><span class="trans">Everyone should know.</span>
* <strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 忘 了 他 的 名字 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> wàngle tā de míngzì.</span><span class="trans">Everyone forgot his name.</span>
+
*<strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 说 你 很 聪明。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā </strong> <em>dōu</em> shuō nǐ hěn cōngming.</span><span class="trans">Everyone says you're smart.</span>
* <strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 应该 知道。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> yīnggāi zhīdào.</span><span class="trans">Everyone should know.</span>
+
*<strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 忘 了 他 的 名字。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> wàng le tā de míngzi.</span><span class="trans">Everyone forgot his name.</span>
* <strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 喜欢 吃 中国菜。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan chī Zhōngguó cài. </span><span class="trans">Everyone likes eating Chinese food.</span>
+
*<strong>大家</strong> <em>都</em> 喜欢 吃辣 吗?<span class="pinyin"><strong>Dàjiā</strong> <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan chī là ma?</span><span class="trans">Does everyone like eating spicy food?
 +
</span>
 +
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
One other common way to use 都 (dōu) is when you're talking about something that happens really often, such as "every day" ("每天 (měitiān)").  Use 都 (dōu) here in Chinese, even if it feels unnatural. (Fake it 'til you make it!)
+
== Examples with 每天 (měi tiān) ==
 +
 
 +
One other common way to use 都 (dōu) is when you're talking about something that happens really often, such as "every day": 每天 (měi tiān).  Use 都 (dōu) here in Chinese, even if it feels unnatural. (Fake it 'til you make it!)
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 要 上班 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>měitiān </strong> <em>dōu</em> yào shàngbān.</span><span class="trans">I have to go to work every day.</span>
+
* 我 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 要 上班 。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>měi tiān </strong> <em>dōu</em> yào shàngbān.</span><span class="trans">I have to go to work every day.</span>
* 我 朋友 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 上 淘宝 。 <span class="expl">(''Taobao'' is China's biggest online shopping website)</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ  péngyou <strong>měitiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> shàng Táobǎo.</span><span class="trans">My friends go on ''Taobao'' every day.</span>
+
* 老师 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 迟到。 <span class="pinyin"> Lǎoshī <strong>měi tiān </strong> <em>dōu</em> chídào.</span><span class="trans"> The teacher comes late every day.</span>
* 她 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 去 KTV 。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>měitiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> qù KTV.</span><span class="trans">She goes to karaoke every day.</span>
+
* 她 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 不 吃 早饭。 <span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>měi tiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> bù chī zǎofàn.</span><span class="trans">Every day, she does not eat breakfast.</span>
* 妈妈 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 给 我们 做 晚饭。 <span class="pinyin">Māma <strong>měitiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> gěi wǒmen zuò wǎnfàn .</span><span class="trans">Mom cooks dinner for us every day.</span>
+
* 我 女朋友 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 上 淘宝 。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">''Taobao'' is China's biggest online shopping website.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ  nǚpéngyou <strong>měi tiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> shàng Táobǎo.</span><span class="trans">My girlfriend goes on ''Taobao'' every day.</span>
* 老师 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 迟到。 <span class="pinyin"> Lǎoshī <strong>měitiān </strong> <em>dōu</em> chídào .</span><span class="trans"> The teacher comes late every day.</span>
+
* 妈妈 <strong>每天</strong> <em>都</em> 给 我们 做 晚饭。 <span class="pinyin">Māma <strong>měi tiān</strong> <em>dōu</em> gěi wǒmen zuò wǎnfàn.</span><span class="trans">Mom cooks dinner for us every day.</span>
 +
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Here are some other examples that don't use 很多 (hěnduō) or 大家 (dàjiā) or 每天 (měitiān) (but are still quite typical):
+
For more uses with 每 (měi), see also: [[Expressing "every" with "mei"]].
 +
 
 +
== Other Examples ==
 +
 
 +
Here are some other examples that don't use 很多 (hěn duō) or 大家 (dàjiā) or 每天 (měi tiān), but are still quite typical:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 英国 人 <em>都</em> 喜欢 喝 啤酒。<span class="pinyin">Yīngguó rén <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan hē píjiǔ.</span><span class="trans">British people all like drinking beer.</span>
+
*美国人 <em>都</em> 说 英文。<span class="pinyin">Měiguó rén <em>dōu</em> shuō Yīngwén.</span><span class="trans">Americans all speak English.</span>
* 中国 人 <em>都</em> 说 中文。 <span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó rén <em>dōu</em> shuō Zhōngwén.</span><span class="trans">Chinese people all speak Chinese.</span>
+
*我们 五 个 人 <em>都</em> 去。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen wǔ gè rén <em>dōu</em> .</span><span class="trans">All five of us are going.</span>
* 我 的 家人 <em>都</em> 爱 中国。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de jiārén <em>dōu</em> ài Zhōngguó.</span> <span class="trans">My family members all love China.</span>
+
*四川人 <em>都</em> 喜欢 吃辣。<span class="pinyin">Sìchuān rén <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan chī là.</span><span class="trans">Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food.</span>
* 我们 五 个 人 <em>都</em> 去。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒmen wǔ gè rén <em>dōu</em> qù.</span><span class="trans">All five of us are going.</span>
+
*我 的 家人 <em>都</em> 没 去 过 中国。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de jiārén <em>dōu</em> méi guo Zhōngguó.</span><span class="trans">None of my family members has been to China.</span>
* 我 的 朋友 <em>都</em> 喜欢 去 KTV。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de péngyou <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan qù KTV.</span><span class="trans">My friends all like to go to karaoke.</span>
+
*我 的 学生 <em>都</em> 喜欢 问 问题。 <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de xuéshēng <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan wèn wèntí.</span><span class="trans">My students all like to ask questions.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 64: Line 75:
  
 
* [[The "all" adverb]]
 
* [[The "all" adverb]]
* [[Expressing "every" with "mei" and "dou"]]
+
* [[Expressing "every" with "mei"]]
  
 
== Sources  and  further reading ==
 
== Sources  and  further reading ==
Line 70: Line 81:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (p. 313) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
+
{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|313}}
*[[卓越汉语-公司实战篇]] (p. 210) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|210}}
* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (p. 34) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
+
{{Source|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar|34}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
 
[[Category: Adverbs]]
  
{{Basic Grammar|都|A2|大家 / 很多人 + 都……|很 多 <em>都</em> 想 工作。|grammar point|ASGWNEYM}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|都|A2|大家 / 很多人 + 都⋯⋯|很 多 地方 <em>都</em> 有 wifi。|grammar point|ASGWNEYM}}
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}  
+
{{Similar|The "all" adverb}}
{{Similar|Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"}}
+
{{Similar|Expressing "every" with "mei"}}
{{Similar|Expressing "every" with "mei" and "dou"}}
+
{{Similar|Expressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou"}}
 +
{{Similar|Referring to "all" using "suoyou"}}
 
{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{Used for| Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for| Expressing quantity}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}

Latest revision as of 08:55, 21 April 2021

都 (dōu) is one of those words that on the surface may seem simple, but actually has many different subtle uses. In this article, we will look at using (dōu) to emphasize quantity.

Structure

You can use 都 (dōu) to emphasize the large quantity of something. The subject should be some sort of large group (like a majority of people or things), e.g. 很多人 (hěn duō rén) or 大家 (dàjiā).

Subj. + 都 + Verb + Obj.

Examples with 很多 (hěn duō)

First let's look at some typical examples using 很多 (hěn duō) to emphasize that it's "a lot." Note that in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's totally natural (and kind of weird not to). If you remember to follow the rule and keep using the 都 (dōu), eventually it will become more natural for you too.

  • 很 多 地方 有 wifi。Hěn duō dìfang dōu yǒu wifi.A lot of places have wifi.
  • 我 的 很 多 朋友 有 车。Wǒ de hěn duō péngyou dōu yǒu chē.A lot of my friends have cars.
  • 很 多 美国人 喜欢 喝 咖啡 。 Hěn duō Měiguó rén dōu xǐhuan hē kāfēi.A lot of Americans like drinking coffee.
  • 很 多 孩子 不 喜欢 上学。Hěn duō háizi dōu bù xǐhuan shàngxué.A lot of kids don't like to go to school.
  • 很 多 年轻人 想 在 大 城市 工作。Hěn duō niánqīng rén dōu xiǎng zài dà chéngshì gōngzuò.A lot of young people want to go to work in big cities.

Examples with 大家 (dàjiā)

Now let's look at some examples using 大家 (dàjiā) or "everyone." Again, in English, it would be totally redundant and unnecessary to add "all" into these sentences, but in Chinese it's totally natural (and kind of weird not to). You just have to get used to it.

  • 大家 来 了 吗?Dàjiā dōu lái le ma?Is everyone here?
  • 大家 应该 知道。Dàjiā dōu yīnggāi zhīdào.Everyone should know.
  • 大家 说 你 很 聪明。Dàjiā dōu shuō nǐ hěn cōngming.Everyone says you're smart.
  • 大家 忘 了 他 的 名字。Dàjiā dōu wàng le tā de míngzi.Everyone forgot his name.
  • 大家 喜欢 吃辣 吗?Dàjiā dōu xǐhuan chī là ma?Does everyone like eating spicy food?

Examples with 每天 (měi tiān)

One other common way to use 都 (dōu) is when you're talking about something that happens really often, such as "every day": 每天 (měi tiān). Use 都 (dōu) here in Chinese, even if it feels unnatural. (Fake it 'til you make it!)

  • 每天 要 上班 。 měi tiān dōu yào shàngbān.I have to go to work every day.
  • 老师 每天 迟到。 Lǎoshī měi tiān dōu chídào. The teacher comes late every day.
  • 每天 不 吃 早饭。 měi tiān dōu bù chī zǎofàn.Every day, she does not eat breakfast.
  • 我 女朋友 每天 上 淘宝 。 Taobao is China's biggest online shopping website.Wǒ nǚpéngyou měi tiān dōu shàng Táobǎo.My girlfriend goes on Taobao every day.
  • 妈妈 每天 给 我们 做 晚饭。 Māma měi tiān dōu gěi wǒmen zuò wǎnfàn.Mom cooks dinner for us every day.

For more uses with 每 (měi), see also: Expressing "every" with "mei".

Other Examples

Here are some other examples that don't use 很多 (hěn duō) or 大家 (dàjiā) or 每天 (měi tiān), but are still quite typical:

  • 美国人 说 英文。Měiguó rén dōu shuō Yīngwén.Americans all speak English.
  • 我们 五 个 人 去。 Wǒmen wǔ gè rén dōu qù.All five of us are going.
  • 四川人 喜欢 吃辣。Sìchuān rén dōu xǐhuan chī là.Sichuanese people all like eating spicy food.
  • 我 的 家人 没 去 过 中国。Wǒ de jiārén dōu méi qù guo Zhōngguó.None of my family members has been to China.
  • 我 的 学生 喜欢 问 问题。 Wǒ de xuéshēng dōu xǐhuan wèn wèntí.My students all like to ask questions.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books