Difference between revisions of "Expressing "already" with "dou""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to "[["Already" with "yijing"|已经⋯⋯了]]." However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event, and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with "已经⋯⋯ 了." The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern "都已经⋯⋯ 了." Here the meaning is the same as "都⋯⋯ 了."
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都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to [["Already" with "yijing"|已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了]]. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.
  
==Structure==
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== Used Before a Time ==
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 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 
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When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action. 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
都 + Time + 了
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</div>
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 +
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
  
+ Time Word / Quantity +
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*<em></em> 九点 <strong></strong> ,快点 起床 !<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <strong>le</strong>, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <strong>了</strong> ,你 <strong>还</strong> 不 睡 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <strong>了</strong> ,你 <strong>还</strong> 这么 想 ?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <strong>le</strong>, nǐ <strong>hái</strong> zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <strong>了</strong> ,他 <strong>还</strong> 在 厕所 里 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <strong>le</strong>, tā <strong>hái</strong> zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*<em>都</em> 一 个 星期 <strong>了</strong> ,<strong>还在</strong> 下雨 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xīngqī <strong>le</strong>, <strong>hái zài</strong> xiàyǔ.</span><span class="trans">It's been a week and it's still raining.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="jiegou">
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== Used Before the Predicate ==
  
Subj. + 都 +  Adj. / Verb + 了
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=== Structure ===
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Examples ==
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The [[predicate]] part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.
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 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>都</em> 九点 <em>了</em>,快 起床 吧!<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> jiǔ diǎn <em>le</em>, kuài qǐchuáng ba!</span><span class="trans">It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!</span>
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*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <strong>了</strong> ,快 吃 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <strong>le</strong>, kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
*<em>都</em> 十二 点 <em>了</em>,你 还不 睡?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shí'èr diǎn <em>le</em>, nǐ hái bù shuì?</span><span class="trans">It's already 12am. Aren't you going to bed?</span>
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*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏 <strong>了</strong> ,扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <strong>le</strong>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.</span>
*<em>都</em> 一 个 小时 <em>了</em>,他 还 在 厕所 里。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yī gè xiǎoshí <em>le</em>, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.</span><span class="trans">It's already been an hour. He's still in the bathroom.</span>
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*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <strong>了</strong> 。别 烦 我 !<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <strong>le</strong>. Bié fán wǒ!</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!</span>
*<em>都</em> 二十一 世纪 <em>了</em>,你 还 这么 想?<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> èrshí-yī shìjì <em>le</em>, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?</span><span class="trans">It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?</span>
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*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <strong>了</strong> ,看 别的 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <strong>le</strong>, kàn biéde ba.</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
*你 <em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>,说话 还 像 个 孩子。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>dōu</em> kuài sānshí <em>le</em>, shuōhuà hái xiàng gè háizi.</span><span class="trans">You're  30, and you still talk like a small child.</span>
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*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <strong>了</strong> ,你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <strong>le</strong>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
*饭 <em>都</em> 凉 <em>了</em>,快 吃 吧。<span class="pinyin">Fàn <em>dōu</em> liáng <em>le</em>. Kuài chī ba.</span><span class="trans">The food is cold already. Let's eat.</span>
 
*牛奶 <em>都</em> 坏<em>了</em>,扔掉 吧 。<span class="pinyin">Niúnǎi <em>dōu</em> huài <em>le</em>, rēngdiào ba.</span><span class="trans">The milk's gone bad. You should throw it away.</span>
 
*我 <em>都</em> 说 了 三 遍 <em>了</em>,不想 再 说 了 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> shuō le sān biàn <em>le</em>, bù xiǎng zài shuō le.</span><span class="trans">I've said it three times already. I don't want to repeat any more.</span>
 
*这个 电影 你 <em>都</em> 看 过 <em>了</em>,看 别的 吧。<span class="pinyin">Zhège diànyǐng nǐ <em>dōu</em> kàn guo <em>le</em>, kàn biéde .</span><span class="trans">You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.</span>
 
*他 <em>都</em> 道歉 <em>了</em>,你 别 生气 了。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>dōu</em> dàoqiàn <em>le</em>, nǐ bié shēngqì le.</span><span class="trans">He's made an apology. Stop being so mad at him.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
==See also==
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
  
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 97-99) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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*[[现代汉语八百词(增订本)]] (p. 178) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B001198GSW/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|116}}
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}}
 +
{{Source|现代汉语八百词(增订本)|178}}
  
 
=== Dictionaries ===
 
=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (p. 329 ) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
 
 +
{{Source|现代汉语词典(第5版)|329 }}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都⋯⋯ 了|<em>都</em> 快 三十 <em>了</em>,还 不 结婚?|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
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{{Basic Grammar|都|B1|都 + Time + 了|<em>都</em> 九点 <strong>了</strong> ,快点 起床 !|grammar point|ASGT1CIR}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
 
{{Rel char|了}}
{{Similar|"Already" with "yijing"}}   
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{{Similar|Uses of "le"}} 
{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "already" with "yijing"}}   
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{{Similar|Expressing "already" with just "le"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing duration of inaction}}
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "dou"}} 
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{{POS|Adverbs}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing attitude}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Used for|Emphasizing}}
 
{{Translation|already}}
 
{{Translation|already}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is a pattern used to express that something has already happened, similar to 已经 (yǐjīng)⋯⋯了. However, 都⋯⋯了 is used more emphatically, implying that the speaker holds some sort of attitude in relation to the event and is not merely objectively stating the facts, as with 已经⋯⋯了. The two options can actually also be combined in the pattern 都已经⋯⋯了. Here the meaning is the same as 都⋯⋯了.

Used Before a Time

Structure

When 都⋯⋯了 (dōu... le) is used at the beginning of a sentence, it will usually be followed with 还 (hái) or 还在 (hái zài). This implies that the other party should stop some kind of action.

都 + Time + 了

Examples

  • 九点 ,快点 起床 !Dōu jiǔ diǎn le, kuài diǎn qǐchuáng!It's already nine o'clock. Get out of bed!
  • 十二 点 ,你 不 睡 ?Dōu shí'èr diǎn le, nǐ hái bù shuì?It's already 12 o'clock. Aren't you going to bed?
  • 二十一 世纪 ,你 这么 想 ?Dōu èrshí-yī shìjì le, nǐ hái zhème xiǎng?It's already the 21st century and you still think this way?
  • 一 个 小时 ,他 在 厕所 里 。Dōu yī gè xiǎoshí le, tā hái zài cèsuǒ lǐ.It's already been an hour, and he's still in the bathroom.
  • 一 个 星期 还在 下雨 。Dōu yī gè xīngqī le, hái zài xiàyǔ.It's been a week and it's still raining.

Used Before the Predicate

Structure

Subj. + 都 + Predicate + 了

The predicate part of the pattern can be a verb or an adjective.

Examples

  • ,快 吃 吧 。Fàn dōu liáng le, kuài chī ba.The food is cold already. Let's eat.
  • 牛奶 ,扔掉 吧 。Niúnǎi dōu huài le, rēngdiào ba.The milk's gone bad. Throw it out.
  • 说 了 三 遍 。别 烦 我 !dōu shuō le sān biàn le. Bié fán wǒ!I've said it three times already. Leave me alone!
  • 这个 电影 你 看 过 ,看 别的 吧 。Zhège diànyǐng nǐ dōu kàn guo le, kàn biéde ba.You've seen this movie already. Let's watch something else.
  • 道歉 ,你 别 生气 了。dōu dàoqiàn le, nǐ bié shēngqì le.He already apologized. Stop being so mad at him.

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries