Result complements

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结果补语是口语中十分常见,很多口语中常用的单音节形容词都可以做结果补语,如"好、错、饱、晚、醉"等,表示动作的结果。

One of the most often used result complements is 好 (hǎo). It implies that something is complete or done well. The other most often used result complements is 错 (cuò). It's used to express making mistakes.

Using Adjectives as Result Complement

Forming a result complement with 好 has a very similar meaning to forming one with 完. It expresses that the action has been completed successfully.

To express that an action resulted in an error, you can use a result complement with 错. This covers what is often expressed with the adverb "incorrectly" in English.

Structure

When using result complements, it's very common to make the object a topic. This means the object is said first and the subject is often omitted:

Obj. + Verb + Adj. + 了

Examples

  • 我们 吃 了。Wǒmen chī hǎo le.We finished eating.
  • 我 的 作业 做 了。Wǒ de zuòyè zuò hǎo le. I finished doing my homework.
  • 这 个 字 写 了。Zhège zì xiě cuò le.You wrote this character wrong.
  • 我 记 了。Wǒ jì cuò le.I remembered wrongly.
  • 你 来 了 。 Nǐ lái wǎn le. You came late.
  • 我 吃 了 。 Wǒ chī bǎo le. I'm full.
  • 他 喝 了 。 Tā hē zuì le. He's drunk.
  • 大家 都 听 干净 了 吗 ? Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo gānjìng le ma? Is your room all cleaned up?
  • 房间 你 打扫 干净 了 吗 ? Fángjiān nǐ dǎsǎo gānjìng le ma? Is your room all cleaned up?

More Advanced Examples

除了一些单音节形容词和双音节形容词可以做结果补语,少量单音节动词也可以做结果补语。如"见、懂、走、哭、掉、倒"等。

  • 老师 拿 了 我 的 iPad 。 Lǎoshī ná zǒu le wǒ de iPad. The teacher took away my iPad.
  • 小偷 偷 了 我 的钱包 。 Xiǎotōu tōu zǒu le wǒ de qiánbāo. The thief stole my wallet.
  • 妹妹 吓 了 。 Mèimei xià le. My little sister was so scared that she cried.
  • 请 关 手机 。 Qǐng guān diào shǒujī. Please turn off your phone.
  • 这些 照片 都 可以 删 Zhèxiē zhàopiàn dōu kěyǐ shān diào. You can delete these pictures.
  • 他 推 了 一 个 老人 。 Tā tuī dǎo le yī gè lǎorén. He pushed down an old man.

See also

As with all result complements, the -好 result complement works particularly well in a 把 sentence.

Sources and further reading

Books