Comparing "yihou" "ranhou" "houlai"
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Keywords
While both 以后 (yǐhòu) and 后来 (hòulái) can mean "later," they have distinct uses. 然后 (ránhòu) means "and then." Don't let yet another 后 word confuse you!
Contents
然后 as "And Then"
然后 is a conjunction, which is always used in the middle of a sequence of events. It is often used with 先 (xiān, meaning "first"). Neither 以后 nor 后来 can be used this way.
- 我们 先 复习 一下 ,然后 上 新 课 。Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.
Common Mistakes
- 我们 先 复习 一下 ,以后 上 新 课 。Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.
- 我 打算 先 住 朋友家 ,以后 找 房子 。My plan is to stay at my friend's friend, and then find a place to live.
- 我们 下周 去 北京 出差 ,以后 去 欧洲 度假 。We're going to Beijing on a business trip, and after that we'll go to Europe on vacation.
Simply swapping 以后 for 然后 in each of these sentences would make them correct.
然后 without 先
- 我们 在 楼下 见 ,然后 一起 走 。We'll meet downstairs and then we go together.
- 宝宝 醒了 ,哭 了 一会儿 ,然后 又 睡着 了 。The baby woke up. He cried for a little while and then fell asleep again.
- 中国 是 人口 最多 的 发展中 国家 ,然后 是 印度 。China is the biggest developing country and then it's India.
Usage of 以后
以后 as "In the Future"
以后 is a time noun, which can be used to talk about things that happen at some unspecified point in the future while 然后 and 后来 can't be used this way.
A few examples:
- 我 以后 想 开 公司 。I want to start up my own business in the future.
- 请 你 以后 别 来 了 。Please stop coming here in the future.
以后 as "After"
Note that the time can be specific (like a date or time) or broad (like an event, action, or occurrence).
A few examples:
- 我 一 个 小时 以后 回来 。 I will come back in an hour.
- 毕业 以后 他 出国 了 。He went abroad after he graduated.
后来 as "Afterwards"
后来 is used to sequence two events that have already occurred. It is the Chinese equivalent of the English word "afterward."
Structure
[Past Event 1] ,后来 + [Past Event 2]
Examples
- 他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ,以后 跳槽 了 。
- 他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ,后来 跳槽 了 。He worked for our company for two years, and then he jumped ship.
- 以后 他 去 了 美国 ,然后 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。
- 后来 他 去 了 美国 ,然后 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。Afterwards he moved to the US. And then his parents also moved over there.
- 他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ,以后 分手了 。
- 他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ,后 分手了 。
Example Dialog
- A: 我 先 去 你 家 ,然后 我们 一起 去 见 她 。I'll go to your house first, then we can go together to see her.
- B: 好的 。我 好久 没 见 她 了 ! 她 出国 以后 你们 见过面 吗 ?Sure. I haven't seen her in so long! Have you seen each other since she went abroad?
- A: 见 过 一次 ,后来 再也 没见过 。We met once, but I haven't seen her since then.
See also
- In the future in general
- Sequencing past events with "houlai"
- After a specific time
- Comparing "houlai" and "ranhou"
Sources and further reading
Books
- 对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (pp. 5) [ →buy]
- 对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (pp. 7) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语八百词(增订本) (pp. 461) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语八百词(增订本) (pp. 614) [ →buy]
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 268) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 26 - 27) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (pp. 294) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 267) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典(第5版) (pp. 570) 卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy