Difference between revisions of "Using "because" with "er" to indicate effect"
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| − | + | 因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect. | |
| − | 因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯(yīnwèi...ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect. | ||
== Structure == | == Structure == | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that shorter and more succinct. | + | Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct. |
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 我 <em>因为</em> 生病 <em>而</em> 请假。<span class="pinyin>Wǒ <em> | + | * 我 <em>因为</em> 生病 <em>而</em> 请假。<span class="pinyin>Wǒ <em>yīnwèi</em> shēngbìng <em>ér</em> qǐngjià.</span><span class="trans">Because I got sick, I asked for time off.</span> |
* 欧洲 的 经济 <em>因为</em> 债务 危机 <em>而</em> 陷入 衰退。<span class="pinyin>Ōuzhōu de jīngjì <em>yīnwèi</em> zhàiwù wéijī <em>ér</em> xiànrù shuāituì.</span><span class="trans">Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.</span> | * 欧洲 的 经济 <em>因为</em> 债务 危机 <em>而</em> 陷入 衰退。<span class="pinyin>Ōuzhōu de jīngjì <em>yīnwèi</em> zhàiwù wéijī <em>ér</em> xiànrù shuāituì.</span><span class="trans">Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.</span> | ||
| − | * 首相 <em>因为</em> 受贿 丑闻 <em>而</em> 下 了 台。<span class="pinyin>Shǒuxiàng <em>yīnwèi</em> shòuhuì chǒuwén <em>ér</em> | + | * 外婆 只是 <em>因为</em> 孩子 顽皮 <em>而</em> 想 吓唬 他 一下 。<span class="pinyin">Wàipó zhǐshì <em>yīnwèi</em> háizi wánpí <em>ér</em> xiǎng xiàhu tā yīxià.</span><span class="trans">Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.</span> |
| − | * 伦敦 地铁 <em>因</em> 罢工 <em>而</em> 处于 瘫痪 状态。<span class="pinyin>Lúndūn | + | * 男 女朋友 之间 经常 <em>因为</em> 吃醋 <em>而</em> 吵架 。<span class="pinyin">Nán-nǚpéngyou zhījiān jīngcháng <em>yīnwèi</em> chīcù <em>ér</em> chǎojià.</span><span class="trans">Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.</span> |
| + | * 首相 <em>因为</em> 受贿 丑闻 <em>而</em> 下 了 台。<span class="pinyin>Shǒuxiàng <em>yīnwèi</em> shòuhuì chǒuwén <em>ér</em> xià le tái.</span><span class="trans">Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.</span> | ||
| + | * 伦敦 地铁 <em>因</em> 罢工 <em>而</em> 处于 瘫痪 状态。<span class="pinyin>Lúndūn dìtiě <em>yīn</em> bàgōng <em>ér</em> chǔyú tānhuàn zhuàngtài.</span><span class="trans">Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.</span> | ||
| + | * 妈妈 <em>因</em> 小朋友 的 陪伴， <em>而</em> 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。<span class="pinyin">Māma <em>yīn</em> xiǎopéngyou de péibàn, <em>ér</em> wàngjì le shēnghuó de bù yúkuài.</span><span class="trans">Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.</span> | ||
| + | * 他 <em>因为</em> 熬夜 <em>而</em> 精神 不 能 集中。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yīnwéi</em> áoyè <em>ér</em> jīngshén bù néng jízhōng.</span><span class="trans">He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.</span> | ||
| + | * 这 家 餐厅 <em>因</em> 火锅 <em>而</em> 出名。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiā cāntīng <em>yīn</em> huǒguō <em>ér</em> chūmíng.</span><span class="trans">This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.</span> | ||
| + | * 生活 <em>因</em> 你 <em>而</em> 精彩。<span class="pinyin">Shēnghuó <em>yīn</em> nǐ <em>ér</em> jīngcǎi.</span><span class="trans">Life is wonderful because of you.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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* Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html Usage of 而] | * Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0235.html Usage of 而] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category: C1 grammar points]] |
| − | {{Basic Grammar|因为| | + | {{Basic Grammar|因为|C1|因为⋯⋯ ，而⋯⋯|饭店 <em>因为</em> 物价 上涨 <em>而</em> 涨价 。|grammar point|ASGL1V0A}} |
{{Rel char|而}} | {{Rel char|而}} | ||
{{Similar|Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"}} | {{Similar|Cause and effect with "yinwei" and "suoyi"}} | ||
Latest revision as of 10:10, 23 December 2020
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
因为⋯⋯，而⋯⋯ (yīnwèi... ér...) is another structure that can express cause and effect.
Structure
Subj. + 因(为) + Cause + 而 + Result
Sometimes, 因为 can be shortened to just 因. This is used more in sentences that are meant to be shorter and more succinct.
Examples
- 我 因为 生病 而 请假。Because I got sick, I asked for time off.
- 欧洲 的 经济 因为 债务 危机 而 陷入 衰退。Because Europe is suffering a debt crisis, it is falling into decline.
- 外婆 只是 因为 孩子 顽皮 而 想 吓唬 他 一下 。Because the kid was being so naughty, granny just wanted to scare him a little.
- 男 女朋友 之间 经常 因为 吃醋 而 吵架 。Boyfriends and girlfriends frequently argue because of jealousy.
- 首相 因为 受贿 丑闻 而 下 了 台。Because the prime minister's bribery scandal, he fell from power.
- 伦敦 地铁 因 罢工 而 处于 瘫痪 状态。Because of the London Underground strike, it's in a state of paralysis.
- 妈妈 因 小朋友 的 陪伴， 而 忘记 了 生活 的 不 愉快 。Because her children are with her, Mom can forget the unpleasantness of life.
- 他 因为 熬夜 而 精神 不 能 集中。He stayed up too late and thus could not concentrate.
- 这 家 餐厅 因 火锅 而 出名。This restaurant is famous for its hotpot.
- 生活 因 你 而 精彩。Life is wonderful because of you.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Usage of 而
