Difference between revisions of "The "all" adverb "dou""
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| − | == 都 for " | + | The adverb 都 (dōu) is used to express "all" in Chinese. It's common to use 都 (dōu) in a variety of sentences where it would seem unnecessary in English. |
| + | |||
| + | == 都 (dōu) for "All" == | ||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | Subj. + 都 + [Verb Phrase] | |
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 你们 <em>都</em> 认识 John 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>dōu</em> rènshi John ma?</span> <span class="trans">Do you all know John? </span> | + | * 你们 <em>都</em> 认识 John 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>dōu</em> rènshi John ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you all know John? </span> |
| − | * 他们 <em>都</em> 在 上海 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>dōu</em> zài Shànghǎi.</span> <span class="trans"They are all in Shanghai. </span> | + | * 他们 <em>都</em> 在 上海 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>dōu</em> zài Shànghǎi.</span><span class="trans">They are all in Shanghai.</span> |
| − | * 明天 我们 <em>都</em> 可以 去 。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒmen <em>dōu</em> kěyǐ qù.</span> <span class="trans">Tomorrow we all can go. </span> | + | * 明天 我们 <em>都</em> 可以 去 。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān wǒmen <em>dōu</em> kěyǐ qù.</span><span class="trans">Tomorrow we all can go.</span> |
| − | * 你们 <em>都</em> 用 wiki 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>dōu</em> yòng wiki ma?</span> <span class="trans">Do you all use the wiki? </span> | + | * 你们 <em>都</em> 用 wiki 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>dōu</em> yòng wiki ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you all use the wiki? </span> |
| − | * 我们 <em>都</em> 要 冰水。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>dōu</em> yào bīngshuǐ .</span> <span class="trans">We all want ice water. </span> | + | * 我们 <em>都</em> 要 冰水。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>dōu</em> yào bīngshuǐ .</span><span class="trans">We all want ice water.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == 都 for " | + | == 都 (dōu) for "Both" == |
| − | Chinese doesn't normally use a special word for "both" like English does. It just uses 都 (dōu) as if it were any other number greater than one. | + | Chinese doesn't normally use a special word for "both" like English does. It just uses 都 (dōu) as if it were any other number greater than one. Chinese also doesn't have a special pattern like "neither / nor" for the negative case. Just use 都 (dōu) and make the sentence negative. |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
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<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | Subj. + 都 + [Verb Phrase] | |
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 我们 两 个 <em>都</em> 爱 你 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen liǎng gè <em>dōu</em> ài nǐ.</span> <span class="trans">The two of us both love you. </span> | + | * 我们 两 个 <em>都</em> 爱 你 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen liǎng gè <em>dōu</em> ài nǐ.</span><span class="trans">The two of us both love you.</span> |
| − | * 你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 <em>都</em> 是 美国人 吗？<span class="pinyin"> Nǐ bàba hé nǐ māma <em>dōu</em> shì | + | * 你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 <em>都</em> 是 美国人 吗？<span class="pinyin"> Nǐ bàba hé nǐ māma <em>dōu</em> shì Měiguó rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Are your father and your mother both Americans? </span> |
| − | * 我 和 我 太太 <em>都</em> 不 吃 肉。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hé wǒ tàitai <em>dōu</em> bù chī ròu. </span> <span class="trans">Neither my wife nor I eat meat. </span> | + | * 我 和 我 太太 <em>都</em> 不 吃 肉。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hé wǒ tàitai <em>dōu</em> bù chī ròu.</span><span class="trans">Neither my wife nor I eat meat.</span> |
| − | * 你们 两个 <em>都</em> 喜欢 中国 菜 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen liǎng gè <em>dōu</em> | + | * 你们 两个 <em>都</em> 喜欢 中国 菜 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen liǎng gè <em>dōu</em> xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you both like Chinese food? </span> |
| − | * 她 和 她 老公 <em>都</em> 没有 工作。<span class="pinyin"> Tā hé tā lǎogōng <em>dōu</em> | + | * 她 和 她 老公 <em>都</em> 没有 工作。<span class="pinyin"> Tā hé tā lǎogōng <em>dōu</em> méiyǒu gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">Neither she nor her husband has a job.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
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*[["Ye" and "dou" together]] | *[["Ye" and "dou" together]] | ||
| − | *[[The "also" adverb]] | + | *[[The "also" adverb "ye"]] |
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
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=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|108}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|53-4}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|88}} | |
| + | {{Source|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar|35}} | ||
[[Category:A1 grammar points]] | [[Category:A1 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|都|A1|都 + | + | {{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|都|A1|都 + Verb / Adj.|我们 <em>都</em> 住 在 上海。|grammar point|ASG9YK09}} | ||
{{Similar|"Ye" and "dou" together}} | {{Similar|"Ye" and "dou" together}} | ||
| − | {{Similar|The also adverb}} | + | {{Similar|The also adverb "ye"}} |
| + | {{Similar|Pronoun "mei" for "every"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Emphasizing quantity with "dou"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "every time" with "mei" and "dou"}} | ||
{{POS|Adverbs}} | {{POS|Adverbs}} | ||
{{Used for|Expressing quantity}} | {{Used for|Expressing quantity}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:22, 20 April 2021
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The adverb 都 (dōu) is used to express "all" in Chinese. It's common to use 都 (dōu) in a variety of sentences where it would seem unnecessary in English.
Contents
都 (dōu) for "All"
Structure
Subj. + 都 + [Verb Phrase]
Remember that 都 (dōu) appears after the subject. A common mistake learners make is to put 都 (dōu) at the beginning of the sentence (as "all" often appears there in English). This isn't good Chinese - make sure you put 都 (dōu) after the subject and before the verb.
Examples
- 你们 都 认识 John 吗 ？Do you all know John?
- 他们 都 在 上海 。They are all in Shanghai.
- 明天 我们 都 可以 去 。Tomorrow we all can go.
- 你们 都 用 wiki 吗 ？Do you all use the wiki?
- 我们 都 要 冰水。We all want ice water.
都 (dōu) for "Both"
Chinese doesn't normally use a special word for "both" like English does. It just uses 都 (dōu) as if it were any other number greater than one. Chinese also doesn't have a special pattern like "neither / nor" for the negative case. Just use 都 (dōu) and make the sentence negative.
Structure
Subj. + 都 + [Verb Phrase]
This pattern should look familiar.
Examples
These examples follow exactly the same form in Chinese as the ones above. The only difference is that here we don't translate 都 (dōu) as "all" in English; we translate it as "both," and for negative cases, we translate it as "neither."
- 我们 两 个 都 爱 你 。The two of us both love you.
- 你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 都 是 美国人 吗？Are your father and your mother both Americans?
- 我 和 我 太太 都 不 吃 肉。Neither my wife nor I eat meat.
- 你们 两个 都 喜欢 中国 菜 吗？Do you both like Chinese food?
- 她 和 她 老公 都 没有 工作。Neither she nor her husband has a job.
