Difference between revisions of "Using "dui" with verbs"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
When using 对 (duì) as a [[preposition]], it is used to indicate "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, some care should be taken when using this particle, as usage of 对 doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
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When using 对 (duì) as a [[preposition]], it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
  
 
== Basic Usage ==
 
== Basic Usage ==
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
对 + Obj. + Verb  
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Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here.  Certain verbs are often used with 对, and some even '''''need''''' 对 if you want to add an Obj. (like 感兴趣, explained below).
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Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*宝宝 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑 了。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào le.</span><span class="trans">The baby smiled at me.</span>
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*宝宝 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑 了 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào le.</span><span class="trans">The baby smiled at me.</span>
*小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎo gǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span>
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*小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎogǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span>
*你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>我们</strong> 说话。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyang <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒmen</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to us this way.</span>
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*你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>父母</strong> 说话 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng <em>duì</em> <strong>fùmǔ</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.</span>
*你 怎么 能 <em>对</em> <strong>你 妈妈</strong> 大 喊 大 叫?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ zěnme néng <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ māma</strong> dà hǎn dà jiào?</span><span class="trans">How could you shout at your mother?</span>
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*他 总是 <em>对</em> <strong>老师</strong> 撒谎 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zǒngshì <em>duì</em> <strong>lǎoshī</strong> sāhuǎng.</span><span class="trans">He always lies to his teachers.</span>
*不要 <em>对</em> <strong>孩子</strong> 发脾气!<span class="pinyin">Bù yào <em>duì</em> <strong>háizi</strong> fā píqi!</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper at the child!</span>
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*不要 <em>对</em> <strong>孩子</strong> 发脾气 。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>duì</em> <strong>háizi</strong> fā píqi.</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the child.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
对 is also used in such structures as:  对...来说, 对...感兴趣 ("to be interested in...") as well as 对···负责(”be responsible for things / person“)
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== Colloquial Expression 对……来说 ==
  
== Using 对 with 来说 ==
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In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
 
 
In English we say "To someone or for someone.In Chinese, the pattern is:
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯
对 + <strong>Person</strong> + 来说
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of [[Phrases using "laishuo"|phrases using "laishuo."]]
  
<div class="liju">
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== Usage with Specific Verbs ==
  
*<em></em> <strong>我</strong> 来说,中文 最 难 的 语法 是 把字句。<span class="pinyin"><em> Duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> lái shuō, Zhōngwén zuì nán de yǔfǎ shì bǎ zì jù.</span><span class="trans">To me, the most difficult Chinese grammar is Ba sentence.</span>
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Certain verbs, especially [[psychological verb]]s, are often used with 对, which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, 对 means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.
*<em></em> <strong>他</strong> 来说,家人 比 工作 更 重要。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>tā</strong> lái shuō, jiārén bǐ gōngzuò gèng zhòngyào.</span><span class="trans">To him, family is more important than work.</span>
 
*<em>对</em> <strong>老板</strong> 来说,赚钱 是 第一。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>lǎobǎn</strong> lái shuō, zhuànqián shì dìyī.</span><span class="trans">To the boss, making money comes first.</span>
 
*穿 这 种 衣服 <em>对</em><strong>我们</strong> 来说 太 奢侈 了。<span class="pinyin">Chuān zhè zhǒng yīfu <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒmen</strong> lái shuō tài shēchǐ le.</span><span class="trans">To us, it's too luxurious to wear this kind of clothes.</span>
 
*这 个 问题 <em></em> <strong>一 个 五 岁 的 孩子</strong> 来说 太 复杂 了。<span class="pinyin">Zhè gè wèntí <em>duì</em> <strong>yī gè wǔ suì de háizi</strong> lái shuō tài fùzá le.</span><span class="trans">For a five-year-old kid, this question is too complicated.</span>
 
  
</div>
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=== Structures ===
  
== Other Usage of 对 ==
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* 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù)  to have an interest in...
 +
* 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù)  to feel interested in...
 +
* 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé)  to be responsible for...
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* 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì)  to feel satisfied with...
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* 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
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* 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...
  
"对"加宾语放在某些动词或者形容词前,相当于英文的"in, to, for, with"等。常见的这类动词如下:
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=== Examples ===
  
* 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù)  to be interested in
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Some example sentences:
* 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé)  to be responsible for
 
* 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì)  to be satisfied with
 
* 对⋯⋯热情 (rèqíng)  to be friendly to; to be enthusiastic about
 
* 对⋯⋯有帮助 (yǒu bāngzhù)  to be helpful to
 
* 对⋯⋯的影响 (yǐngxiǎng)  to have influence on
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*我 <em>对</em> <strong>学 外语</strong> 很 感 兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>duì</em> <strong>xué wàiyǔ</strong> hěn gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">I am very interested in learning foreign language.</span>
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*我 儿子 <em>对</em> 学 外语 很 <strong>感 兴趣</strong> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ érzi <em>duì</em> xué wàiyǔ hěn <strong>gǎn xìngqù</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.</span>
*你 <em>对</em> <strong>自己 的 工作</strong> 负责。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yào <em>duì</em> <strong>zìjǐ de gōngzuò</strong> fùzé.</span><span class="trans">You need to be responsible for your job.</span>
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*你 应该 <em>对</em> 自己 的 工作 <strong>负责</strong> <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi <em>duì</em> zìjǐ de gōngzuò <strong>fùzé</strong> .</span><span class="trans">You should be responsible for your job.</span>
*老板 好像 <em>对</em> <strong></strong> 不 太 满意。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn hǎoxiàng <em>duì</em> <strong></strong> bù tài mǎnyì.</span><span class="trans">The boss seems not very satisfied with you.</span>
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*老板 <em>对</em> 你 不 太 <strong>满意</strong> <span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>duì</em> nǐ bù tài <strong>mǎnyì</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The boss is not very satisfied with you.</span>
*这里 的 服务员 都 <em>对</em> <strong>顾客</strong> 很 热情。<span class="pinyin">Zhèlǐ de fúwùyuán dōu <em>duì</em> <strong>gùkè</strong> hěn rèqíng.</span><span class="trans">The waiters here are all very friendly to the customers.</span>
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*观众 <em>对</em> 比赛 结果 非常 <strong>失望</strong> <span class="pinyin">Guānzhòng <em>duì</em> bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng <strong>shīwàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.</span>
*这个 App <em>对</em> <strong>我 的 英语 学习</strong> 很 有帮助。<span class="pinyin">Zhège App <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ de Yīngyǔ xuéxí</strong> hěn yǒu bāngzhù.</span><span class="trans">This method helps a lot with my English learning.</span>
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*我 的 小 女儿 <em>对</em> 所有 动物 都 很 <strong>好奇</strong> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér <em>duì</em> suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn <strong>hàoqí</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My younger daughter is curious about all animals.</span>
*这 件 事 <em>对</em> <strong></strong> 的 影响 很 大。<span class="pinyin">Zhè jiàn shì <em>duì</em> <strong></strong> de yǐngxiǎng hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">This piece of matter has a big influence on him.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
  
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (p. 153) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|76}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (p. 151) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|153}}
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 84, 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|151}}
* [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 198) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|84, 88}}
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 313) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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{{Source|Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)|198}}
*[[卓越汉语-公司实战篇]] (pp. 11-2, 134) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|313}}
 +
{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|11-2, 134}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
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{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
{{Similar|Using "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}}
{{Similar|Using "xiang"}}
 
 
{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
 +
{{Similar|Verbs followed by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
{{Similar|Expressing "with" with "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Comparing "dui" and "duiyu"}}
 
{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|对 + Noun⋯⋯| 宝宝 <em>对</em> 我 笑 了。|grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
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{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb | 宝宝 <em>对</em> 我 笑 了。|grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}

Latest revision as of 08:53, 21 April 2021

When using 对 (duì) as a preposition, it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.

Basic Usage

Structure

Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb

Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.

Examples

  • 宝宝 笑 了 。Bǎobao duì xiào le.The baby smiled at me.
  • 小狗 在 叫 。Xiǎogǒu zài duì jiào.The dog is barking at you.
  • 你 不 应该 这样 父母 说话 。Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng duì fùmǔ shuōhuà.You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.
  • 他 总是 老师 撒谎 。Tā zǒngshì duì lǎoshī sāhuǎng.He always lies to his teachers.
  • 不要 孩子 发脾气 。Bùyào duì háizi fā píqi.Don't lose your temper with the child.

Colloquial Expression 对……来说

In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:

对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯

While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of phrases using "laishuo."

Usage with Specific Verbs

Certain verbs, especially psychological verbs, are often used with 对, which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, 对 means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.

Structures

  • 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù) to have an interest in...
  • 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù) to feel interested in...
  • 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé) to be responsible for...
  • 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì) to feel satisfied with...
  • 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
  • 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...

Examples

Some example sentences:

  • 我 儿子 学 外语 很 感 兴趣Wǒ érzi duì xué wàiyǔ hěn gǎn xìngqù.My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.
  • 你 应该 自己 的 工作 负责Nǐ yīnggāi duì zìjǐ de gōngzuò fùzé .You should be responsible for your job.
  • 老板 你 不 太 满意Lǎobǎn duì nǐ bù tài mǎnyì.The boss is not very satisfied with you.
  • 观众 比赛 结果 非常 失望Guānzhòng duì bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng shīwàng.The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.
  • 我 的 小 女儿 所有 动物 都 很 好奇Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér duì suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn hàoqí.My younger daughter is curious about all animals.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books