Difference between revisions of "Auxiliary verb "yao" and its multiple meanings"

m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK2}}" to "{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}")
 
(91 intermediate revisions by 21 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
{{Grammar Box}}
+
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
You probably already know the basic meaning of [[Wanting to do something with "yao"|要 (yào): "to want."]] It's actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as will as "will (do something)."  In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.
+
You probably already know the basic meaning of [[Wanting to do something with "yao"|要 (yào)]] as "to want."  It is actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)."  In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.
  
== 要 as "want to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Want" ==
  
In Chinese, 要 (yào), the verb "to want" doesn't quite function like the English. It means "want to" (similar to  [["would like to" with xiang|想]]), but its tone is quite firm.
+
This structure could be used when ordering food at a restaurant or a shop. Here, it's being used for saying that you want ''something.''
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
Line 11: Line 11:
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 要 + Verb
+
Subj. + 要 + Noun
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 19: Line 19:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>要</em> 吃饭。 <span class="trans">I want to eat.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 什么?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> shénme? </span><span class="trans">What do you want? </span>
* <em>要</em> 喝 啤酒 。<span class="expl">(this sentence could be used ordering in a resaurant)</span><span class="trans">I want to drink beer.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 一 杯 水。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> yī bēi shuǐ.</span><span class="trans">I want a cup of water.</span>
* <em>要</em> 跟 你 一起 去 。  <span class="trans">I want to go with you.</span>
+
* 你们 都 <em>要</em> 冰 可乐 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen dōu <em>yào</em> bīng kělè ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you all want coke with ice? </span>
 +
* 你 <em>要</em> 茶 还是 咖啡?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> chá háishì kāfēi? </span><span class="trans">Do you want tea or coffee? </span>
 +
* 我们 <em>要</em> 三 碗 米饭。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>yào</em> sān wǎn mǐfàn.</span><span class="trans">We want three bowls of rice.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 要 as "need to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Want to" ==
 +
 
 +
In Chinese, 要 (yào) can mean "want to" (similar to  [[Expressing "would like to" with "xiang"|想 (xiǎng)]]), but its tone is quite firm. So it's used for saying that you want '''''to do''' something''.
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
 
 +
Subj. + 要 + Verb
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
* 你 <em>要</em> 喝 什么 酒?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> hē shénme jiǔ? </span><span class="trans">What kind of wine do you want to drink? </span>
 +
* 爸爸 <em>要</em> 买 一 个 新 手机。<span class="pinyin">Bàba <em>yào</em> mǎi yī gè xīn shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">Dad wants to buy a new cell phone.</span>
 +
* 我 <em>要</em> 跟 你 一起 去。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yào</em> gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù.</span><span class="trans">I want to go with you.</span>
 +
* 她 <em>要</em> 去 大城市 找 工作。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>yào</em> qù dà chéngshì zhǎo gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">She wants to go to a big city to find a job.</span>
 +
* 周末 你们 <em>要</em> 一起 看 电影 吗?<span class="pinyin">Zhōumò nǐmen <em>yào</em> yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng ma? </span><span class="trans">Do you want to go see a movie together this weekend? </span>
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
== 要 (yào) as "Need to" ==
  
 
If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need."  The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.
 
If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need."  The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
 
Same structure here.
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 要 + Verb
+
Subj. + 要 + Verb
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 43: Line 67:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 太 晚 了 ,我 <em>要</em> 回家 了。 <span class="expl">(This could possibly mean "want"; depends on the urgency of the speaker)</span><span class="trans">It's too late; I need to go home.</span>
+
* <em>要</em> 早 点 睡觉。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>yào</em> zǎo diǎn shuìjiào.</span><span class="trans">You need to go to bed earlier.</span>
* 明天 我们 <em>要</em> 上班 。<span class="expl">(logically, most people don't really WANT to work)</span><span class="trans">We need to work tomorrow.</span>
+
* 我们 明天 <em>要</em> 上班。<span class="expl">logically, most people don't really WANT to work</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen míngtiān <em>yào</em> shàngbān.</span><span class="trans">We need to work tomorrow.</span>
* 你 <em>要</em> 付钱 。  <span class="expl">(No one WANTS to pay, right?)</span><span class="trans">You need to pay.</span>
+
* 老板 今天 <em>要</em> 见 一个 新 客户。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn jīntiān <em>yào</em> jiàn yī gè xīn kèhù.</span><span class="trans">Today the boss needs to see a new client.</span>
 
+
* 老师 太 累 了, <em>要</em> 好好 休息。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī tài lèi le, <em>yào</em> hǎohāo xiūxi.</span><span class="trans">The teacher is too tired. She needs to rest well.</span>
 +
* 明天 下雨, 你 <em>要</em> 带 伞。<span class="pinyin">Míngtiān xiàyǔ, nǐ <em>yào</em> dài sǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's going to rain tomorrow; you need to bring an umbrella.</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 要 as "going to" ==
+
== 要 (yào) as "Going to" ==
  
This use of 要 is like "going to" (similar to [[Auxiliary verb "hui" for "will"|会]]).
+
This use of 要 (yào) is like "going to" (similar to [[Expressing "will" with "hui"|会]] (huì)).
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
Again, no change to the structure here.
+
Again, no change to the structure here, but it often includes a mention of a time ''when'' something is ''going to happen''.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 要 + Verb
+
Subj. + 要 + Verb
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
If you want to know more about the related pattern "要⋯⋯了" (yào... le), please see [[Expressing "about to happen" with "le"|the "kuai... le" pattern]].
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
Line 67: Line 94:
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 明年 <em>要</em> 毕业 了 。  <span class="expl">(Notice the use of a time word for the future)</span><span class="trans">I'm going to graduate next year.</span>
+
* 星期五 我们 <em>要</em> 开会。<span class="pinyin">Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen <em>yào</em> kāihuì.</span><span class="trans">We are going to have a meeting on Friday.</span>
* 明天 我 <em>要</em> 回国 。<span class="expl">(This could also mean "need," depending on context)</span><span class="trans">I'm going back to my country tomorrow.</span>
+
* 12 点 我 <em>要</em> 去 吃饭。<span class="pinyin">Shí'èr diǎn wǒ <em>yào</em> qù chīfàn.</span><span class="trans">I am going to go eat at 12 o'clock.</span>
* 星期五 我们 <em>要</em> 开 一 个 会。 <span class="expl">(This could possibly mean "need"; but honestly, you rarely NEED to have a meeting, right?)</span><span class="trans">Friday we're going to have a meeting.</span>
+
* 老板 下周 <em>要</em> 出差 吗?<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn xià zhōu <em>yào</em> chūchāi ma?</span><span class="trans">Is the boss going on a business trip next week?</span>
 +
* 他们 明年 <em>要</em> 结婚 了。<span class="pinyin"> Tāmen míngnián <em>yào</em> jiéhūn le.</span><span class="trans">They are going to get married next year.</span>
 +
* 今年 你 <em>要</em> 回家 过年 吗?<span class="pinyin">Jīnnián nǐ <em>yào</em> huíjiā guònián ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you going to return home this year to celebrate the Chinese New Year?</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Context, context, context ==
+
== Context, Context, Context ==
  
You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context.  How urgent is the situation?  Is it likely to be something the speaker really ''wants'' to do?  Is it something that's totally ''going to'' happen, regardless of anyone's preferences?  Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.  But you definitely need to be aware of the three possible meanings listed above.
+
You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context.  How urgent is the situation?  Is it likely to be something the speaker really ''wants'' to do?  Is it something that's totally ''going to'' happen, regardless of anyone's preference?  Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
 
*[["Would like to" with xiang]]
 
*[["Would like to" with xiang]]
*[[Auxiliary verb "hui" for "will"]]
+
*[[Expressing "will" with "hui"]]
 +
*[[About to happen with "le"]]
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
Line 86: Line 116:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 154-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|154-5}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Verbs]]
 
[[Category:Auxiliary verbs]]
 
[[Category:Auxiliary verbs]]
  
{{Basic Grammar|要|A2|要 + V|明天 <em>要</em> 工作 吗?|grammar point|ASG95AL1}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|要|A2|要 + Noun / 要 + Verb|<em>要</em> 一 杯 水。|grammar point|ASG95AL1}}
{{Similar|"Would like to" with xiang}} 
+
{{Similar|About to happen with "le"}}
{{Similar|Auxiliary verb "hui" for "will"}}
 
 
{{Similar|Wanting to do something with yao}}
 
{{Similar|Wanting to do something with yao}}
{{Similar|Negative commands with "bu yao"}}  
+
{{Similar|Negative commands with "bu yao"}}  
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "don't need to" with "buyong"}} 
 +
{{Similar|Expressing determination with "feiyao"}}
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "will" with "hui"}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to the future}}
 
{{Used for|Referring to the future}}
 +
{{Used for|Expressing determination}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing desires}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing desires}}
 
{{Translation|want}}
 
{{Translation|want}}
 
{{Translation|need}}
 
{{Translation|need}}
 
{{Translation|go}}
 
{{Translation|go}}
 +
{{Translation|will}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

You probably already know the basic meaning of 要 (yào) as "to want." It is actually a quite versatile word, though, and can also take on the meanings of "to need" as well as "will (do something)." In every case, context is crucial for figuring out which meaning someone is trying to express.

要 (yào) as "Want"

This structure could be used when ordering food at a restaurant or a shop. Here, it's being used for saying that you want something.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Noun

Examples

  • 什么?yào shénme? What do you want?
  • 一 杯 水。yào yī bēi shuǐ.I want a cup of water.
  • 你们 都 冰 可乐 吗?Nǐmen dōu yào bīng kělè ma? Do you all want coke with ice?
  • 茶 还是 咖啡?yào chá háishì kāfēi? Do you want tea or coffee?
  • 我们 三 碗 米饭。Wǒmen yào sān wǎn mǐfàn.We want three bowls of rice.

要 (yào) as "Want to"

In Chinese, 要 (yào) can mean "want to" (similar to 想 (xiǎng)), but its tone is quite firm. So it's used for saying that you want to do something.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Verb

Examples

  • 喝 什么 酒?yào hē shénme jiǔ? What kind of wine do you want to drink?
  • 爸爸 买 一 个 新 手机。Bàba yào mǎi yī gè xīn shǒujī.Dad wants to buy a new cell phone.
  • 跟 你 一起 去。yào gēn nǐ yīqǐ qù.I want to go with you.
  • 去 大城市 找 工作。yào qù dà chéngshì zhǎo gōngzuò.She wants to go to a big city to find a job.
  • 周末 你们 一起 看 电影 吗?Zhōumò nǐmen yào yīqǐ kàn diànyǐng ma? Do you want to go see a movie together this weekend?

要 (yào) as "Need to"

If you crank the urgency of "to want" up a few notches, you get "to need." The two meanings overlap, creating a fuzzy, "needy" gray area.

Structure

Subj. + 要 + Verb

Examples

  • 早 点 睡觉。yào zǎo diǎn shuìjiào.You need to go to bed earlier.
  • 我们 明天 上班。logically, most people don't really WANT to workWǒmen míngtiān yào shàngbān.We need to work tomorrow.
  • 老板 今天 见 一个 新 客户。Lǎobǎn jīntiān yào jiàn yī gè xīn kèhù.Today the boss needs to see a new client.
  • 老师 太 累 了, 好好 休息。Lǎoshī tài lèi le, yào hǎohāo xiūxi.The teacher is too tired. She needs to rest well.
  • 明天 下雨, 你 带 伞。Míngtiān xiàyǔ, nǐ yào dài sǎn.It's going to rain tomorrow; you need to bring an umbrella.

要 (yào) as "Going to"

This use of 要 (yào) is like "going to" (similar to (huì)).

Structure

Again, no change to the structure here, but it often includes a mention of a time when something is going to happen.

Subj. + 要 + Verb

If you want to know more about the related pattern "要⋯⋯了" (yào... le), please see the "kuai... le" pattern.

Examples

  • 星期五 我们 开会。Xīngqīwǔ wǒmen yào kāihuì.We are going to have a meeting on Friday.
  • 12 点 我 去 吃饭。Shí'èr diǎn wǒ yào qù chīfàn.I am going to go eat at 12 o'clock.
  • 老板 下周 出差 吗?Lǎobǎn xià zhōu yào chūchāi ma?Is the boss going on a business trip next week?
  • 他们 明年 结婚 了。 Tāmen míngnián yào jiéhūn le.They are going to get married next year.
  • 今年 你 回家 过年 吗?Jīnnián nǐ yào huíjiā guònián ma?Are you going to return home this year to celebrate the Chinese New Year?

Context, Context, Context

You may have noticed that the meanings can easily overlap. To figure out what is intended, you need to use context. How urgent is the situation? Is it likely to be something the speaker really wants to do? Is it something that's totally going to happen, regardless of anyone's preference? Most often, a little background knowledge and some common sense are all you need to figure it out.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books