Difference between revisions of "Verbs followed by "gei""
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb | + | Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; [[Verbs preceded by "gei"|it sometimes comes before the verb]] and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after. |
== Basic Pattern == | == Basic Pattern == | ||
| Line 8: | Line 8: | ||
Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs. | Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs. | ||
| + | |||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj. | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| − | + | or | |
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *昨天 有 人 <em>送 给</em> 我 一 束 花 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān yǒu rén <em>sòng gěi</em> wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans">Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span> |
| − | * | + | *请 <em>递 给</em> 我 一 盒 纸巾 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <em>dì gěi</em> wǒ yī hé zhǐjīn.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me a box of tissues.</span> |
| − | * | + | *这是 我们 <em>送 给</em> 你的 生日 礼物 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè shì wǒmen <em>sòng gěi</em> nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù.</span><span class="trans">This is your birthday present from us.</span> |
| − | * | + | *这 本 书 是 谁 <em>借 给</em> 你 的 ？<span class="pinyin">Zhè běn shū shì shéi <em>jiè gěi</em> nǐ de?</span><span class="trans">Who lent you this book?</span> |
| − | + | *邮件 我 已经 <em>发 给</em> 你 了 。<span class="pinyin">Yóujiàn wǒ yǐjīng <em>fā gěi</em> nǐ le.</span><span class="trans">I sent you that email already.</span> | |
| − | * 我 | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Pattern | + | == Advanced Pattern == |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| − | Additionally, you can | + | |
| + | Additionally, you can [[Using "ba" sentences|add 把]] into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given. | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | + | Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient | |
| − | Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 48: | Line 45: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *你 想 <strong>把</strong> 这个 礼物 <em>送 给</em> 谁 ？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng <strong>bǎ</strong> zhège lǐwù <em>sòng gěi</em> shéi?</span><span class="trans">Who are you going to give this present to?</span> |
| − | * | + | *请 <strong>把</strong> 那些 照片 都 <em>发 给</em> 我 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong>bǎ</strong> nàxiē zhàopiàn dōu <em>fā gěi</em> wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Please send all of those pictures to me.</span> |
| − | + | *我 已经 <strong>把</strong> 车 <em>卖 给</em> 了 一 个 朋友 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng <strong>bǎ</strong> chē <em>mài gěi</em> le yī gè péngyou.</span><span class="trans">I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.</span> | |
| − | * 我 <strong>把</strong> | + | *请 <strong>把</strong> 盐 <em>递 给</em> 我 ，谢谢 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong>bǎ</strong> yán <em>dì gěi</em> wǒ, xièxie.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me the salt. Thanks.</span> |
| − | * | + | *可以 <strong>把</strong> 这 本 书 <em>借 给</em> 我 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Kěyǐ <strong>bǎ</strong> zhè běn shū <em>jiè gěi</em> wǒ ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you please lend me this book?</span> |
| − | + | ||
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception. | Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception. | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | *她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> She married a rich old man. </span> | |
| − | * 她 <em> | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | If you | + | If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way: |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | *她 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> Her father married her off to a rich old man. </span> | |
| − | * 她 | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | ==Academic Debate== | + | == Academic Debate == |
| − | Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]] | + | Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]], a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of [[complement]]. This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however. |
| − | ==See also== | + | == See also == |
| − | *[[Verbs | + | *[[Expressing "for" with "gei"]] |
| − | *[["for" with " | + | *[[Verbs preceded by "gei"]] |
| + | *[[Advanced uses of "ba"]] | ||
| + | *[[Expressing "for" with "wei"]] | ||
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]] | *[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]] | ||
| − | |||
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
| Line 94: | Line 81: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|196}} | |
=== Dictionaries === | === Dictionaries === | ||
| − | + | ||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语词典（第5版）|464}} | ||
[[Category:B1 grammar points]] | [[Category:B1 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj | + | {{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.|他 <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花 。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}} | ||
{{Rel char|把}} | {{Rel char|把}} | ||
| − | {{Similar|" | + | {{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}} |
| − | {{Similar|Expressing | + | {{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}} |
| + | {{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}} | ||
| + | {{Similar|Using "dui" with verbs}} | ||
{{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}} | {{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}} | ||
{{Used for|Describing actions}} | {{Used for|Describing actions}} | ||
{{POS|Verbs}} | {{POS|Verbs}} | ||
| + | {{Subprop|Verb phrases}} | ||
{{Translation|to}} | {{Translation|to}} | ||
{{Translation|give}} | {{Translation|give}} | ||
Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021
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Keywords
Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb before the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. 给 (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.
Contents
Basic Pattern
Structure
Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.
Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.
or
Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
Examples
- 昨天 有 人 送 给 我 一 束 花 。Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.
- 请 递 给 我 一 盒 纸巾 。Please pass me a box of tissues.
- 这是 我们 送 给 你的 生日 礼物 。This is your birthday present from us.
- 这 本 书 是 谁 借 给 你 的 ？Who lent you this book?
- 邮件 我 已经 发 给 你 了 。I sent you that email already.
Advanced Pattern
Structure
Additionally, you can add 把 into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.
Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
Examples
- 你 想 把 这个 礼物 送 给 谁 ？Who are you going to give this present to?
- 请 把 那些 照片 都 发 给 我 。Please send all of those pictures to me.
- 我 已经 把 车 卖 给 了 一 个 朋友 。I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.
- 请 把 盐 递 给 我 ，谢谢 。Please pass me the salt. Thanks.
- 可以 把 这 本 书 借 给 我 吗 ？Could you please lend me this book?
Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.
- 她 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。 She married a rich old man.
If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way:
- 她 爸爸 把 她 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。 Her father married her off to a rich old man.
Academic Debate
Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a preposition, a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of complement. This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.
See also
- Expressing "for" with "gei"
- Verbs preceded by "gei"
- Advanced uses of "ba"
- Expressing "for" with "wei"
- Expressing passive voice with "gei"
Sources and further reading
Books
- 现代汉语虚词例释 (pp. 196) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 464) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
