Difference between revisions of "Expressing "never" with "conglai""
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| − | Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. | + | Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech. |
== 从来 with 不 == | == 从来 with 不 == | ||
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=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| − | When you follow 从来 with 不, you are expressing that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink." | + | When you follow 从来 (cónglái) with 不 (bù), you are expressing that you '''''never''' do something'' (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink." |
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| − | Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. | + | Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech. |
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=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| − | Use 从来 with 没 or 没有 (and 过 after the verb) to indicate that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 is appropriate. 过 also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience. | + | Use 从来 (cónglái) with 没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu) (and 过 (guò) after the verb) to indicate that you ''have '''never''' done something'' (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 (méiyǒu) is appropriate. 过 (guò) also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience. |
| − | Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. | + | Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech. |
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| − | Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 needs to come immediately after the verb. | + | Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 (guò) needs to come immediately after the verb. |
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
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| − | Also, Keep in mind that 从来 may be shortened to just 从 in casual speech. So the pattern is: | + | Also, Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech. So the pattern is: |
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Revision as of 05:33, 15 October 2014
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Keywords
Although it can also work in the positive, 从来 (cónglái) is usually learned when you want to express that you never do something (as a habit, or as a rule), or that you have never done something (it's not a part of your life experience). In either of these two usages, 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech.
Contents
从来 with 不
Structure
When you follow 从来 (cónglái) with 不 (bù), you are expressing that you never do something (as a habit, or as a rule). It's often used as a way to refuse something, as in "I never drink."
Subject + 从来 + 不 + Verb Phrase
Examples
- 她 从来 不 喝 酒。She never drinks.
- 我 从来 不 一 个 人 在 家。I have never been home alone.
- 他 从来 不 关心 别人。He never cares about others.
- 我 从来 不 吃 鱼。I never eat fish.
- 我 从来 不 说 英文。I never speak English.
- 我 爸爸 从来 不 生气。My dad never angry.
- 你 父母 从来 不 打 你 吗？Do your parents never hit you?
- 我 的 女朋友 从来 不 给 我 打电话。My girlfriend never gives me a call.
- 她 很 奇怪，她 从来 不 笑。She is very strange, she never laughs.
- 这 个 地方 从来 不 下雪。It never snows at this place.
Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech.
Subject + 从不 + Verb Phrase
- 她 从不 喝 酒。She never drinks.
- 我 从不 一 个 人 在 家。I have never been home alone.
- 他 从不 关心 别人。He never cares about others.
- 我 从不 吃 鱼。I never eat fish.
- 我 从不 说 英文。I never speak English.
- 我 爸爸 从不 生气。My dad never angry.
- 你 父母 从不 打 你 吗？Do your parents never hit you?
- 我 的 女朋友 从不 给 我 打电话。My girlfriend never gives me a call.
- 她 很 奇怪，她 从不 笑。She is very strange, she never laughs.
- 这 个 地方 从不 下雪。It never snows at this place.
从来 with 没
Structure
Use 从来 (cónglái) with 没 (méi) or 没有 (méiyǒu) (and 过 (guò) after the verb) to indicate that you have never done something (it's not a part of your life experience). You're talking about the past now, because you're talking about what you haven't done before, so 没有 (méiyǒu) is appropriate. 过 (guò) also makes sense, because you're making a statement about your life experience.
Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech.
Subject + 从来 + 没(有) + Verb + 过
Note that you can have an object or other information after the verb, but the 过 (guò) needs to come immediately after the verb.
Examples
- 我 从来 没(有) 去 过 美国。I have never gone to the USA.
- 我 从来 没(有) 想 过 这 个 问题。I have never thought of this problem.
- 我 从来 没(有) 做 过 中国 菜。I have never made Chinese food.
- 他 从来 没(有) 喝 过 可乐。He has never been drunk cola.
- 我 从来 没(有) 吃 过 臭 豆腐。I have never eaten stinky tofu.
- 她 从来 没(有) 哭 过。She has never cried.
- 我 从来 没(有) 听说 过 这 个 地方。I have never before heard about this place.
- 有的 孩子 从来 没(有) 用 过 电脑。Some kids have never used a computer.
- 分手 以后， 我 从来 没(有) 见 过 他。After breaking up, I never saw him again.
- 我 从来 没(有) 学 过 这 个 词。I have never before studied this word.
Also, Keep in mind that 从来 (cónglái) may be shortened to just 从 (cóng) in casual speech. So the pattern is:
Subject + 从没 + Verb + 过
- 我 从没 去 过 美国。I have never gone to the USA.
- 我 从没 想 过 这 个 问题。I have never thought of this problem.
- 我 从没 做 过 中国 菜。I have never made Chinese food.
- 他 从没 喝 过 可乐。He has never been drunk cola.
- 我 从没 吃 过 臭 豆腐。I have never eaten stinky tofu.
- 她 从没 哭 过。She has never cried.
- 我 从没 听说 过 这 个 地方。I have never before heard about this place.
- 有的 孩子 从没 用 过 电脑。Some kids have never used a computer.
- 分手 以后， 我 从没 见 过 他。After breaking up, I never saw him again.
- 我 从没 学 过 这 个 词。I have never before studied this word.
See also
- Expressing experiences with "guo"
- Comparing "bu" and "mei"
- "meiyou" as a Verb
- Standard negation with "bu"
- "Always" with "conglai"
Sources and further reading
Books
- BRIDGE (桥梁 实用汉语中级教程上) (p.40) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (p. 59) →buy
Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Usage of 从来
