The "all" adverb "dou"

The adverb 都 (dōu) is used to express "all" in Chinese. It's very common to use 都 (dōu) in all sorts of sentences where we would find it unnecessary in English.

都 for "all"

Structure

Subject + 都 + [Verb Phrase]

Remember that 都 (dōu) appears after the subject. A common mistake learners make is to put 都 (dōu) at the beginning of the sentence (as "all" often appears there in English). This isn't good Chinese - make sure you put 都 (dōu) after the subject and before the verb.

Examples

• 你们 都 认识 John 吗 ？Nǐmen dōu rènshi John ma? Do you all know John?
• 他们 都 在 上海 。Tāmen dōu zài Shànghǎi. They are all in Shanghai.
• 明天 我们 都 可以 去 。Míngtiān wǒmen dōu kěyǐ qù. Tomorrow we all can go.
• 你们 都 用 wiki 吗 ？Nǐmen dōu yòng wiki ma? Do you all use the wiki?
• 我们 都 要 冰水。Wǒmen dōu yào bīngshuǐ . We all want ice water.

都 for "both"

Chinese doesn't normally use a special word for "both" like English does. It just uses 都 (dōu) as if it were any other number greater than one. Chinese also doesn't have a special pattern like "neither / nor" for the negative case. Just use 都 (dōu) and make the sentence negative. This is actually really easy; you just have to get used to it.

Structure

Subjects + 都 + [Verb Phrase]

This pattern should look familiar.

Examples

These examples follow exactly the same form in Chinese as the ones above. The only difference is that here we don't translate 都 (dōu) as "all" in English; we translate it as "both," and for negative cases, we translate it as "neither."

• 我们 两 个 都 爱 你 。Wǒmen liǎng gè dōu ài nǐ. The two of us both love you.
• 你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 都 是 美国人 吗？ Nǐ bàba hé nǐ māma dōu shì Měiguó rén ma? Are your father and your mother both Americans?
• 我 和 我 太太 都 不 吃 肉。Wǒ hé wǒ tàitai dōu bù chī ròu. Neither my wife nor I eat meat.
• 你们 两个 都 喜欢 中国 菜 吗？Nǐmen liǎng gè dōu xǐhuān Zhōngguó cài ma? Do you both like Chinese food?
• 她 和 她 老公 都 没有 工作。 Tā hé tā lǎogōng dōu méi yǒu gōngzuò. Neither she nor her husband has a job.

See also

• "Ye" and "dou" together
• The "also" adverb "ye"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed) (pp. 53-4) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1) (p. 88) →buy
• Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 35) →buy