Difference between revisions of "Comparing "gen" and "dui""
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跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different. You need to be aware which cases are which. | 跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different. You need to be aware which cases are which. | ||
| − | == | + | == Used with 说 in the Same Way == |
When using the verb 说, 跟 and 对 can both be used in a similar sentence pattern. 跟 and 对 are both prepositions, and they both express one person speaking to another. | When using the verb 说, 跟 and 对 can both be used in a similar sentence pattern. 跟 and 对 are both prepositions, and they both express one person speaking to another. | ||
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| − | == | + | == Similar Structures but Different Meanings == |
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| + | 跟 and 对 can both be verbs, and they are often used with 着, however their meanings are different. | ||
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
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| − | + | === Examples for 跟 === | |
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| + | 跟 can be a verb, and its simplest meaning is "follow." Often it is used as a verb phrase, such as 跟着, 跟上, 跟不上, or 跟得上. Then there's 跟 somebody + Verb, in which 跟 is arguably not a verb, but we'll include it here for convenience. | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
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| − | + | === Examples for 对 === | |
对 is also a verb, put it has the meaning of "towards" or "point to." Often it is used as: 对着, 对上, 对不上. | 对 is also a verb, put it has the meaning of "towards" or "point to." Often it is used as: 对着, 对上, 对不上. | ||
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| − | == When to | + | == When to Use 跟 and not 对 == |
| − | 跟 is a | + | 跟 is a preposition, and it can be used in [[comparing|comparison patterns]]. 对 cannot be used this way. |
| − | === Structure | + | === Comparison Structure with 一样 === |
This structure is used to explain that two things are (or aren't) similar. | This structure is used to explain that two things are (or aren't) similar. | ||
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| − | === Structure | + | === Comparison Structure with 一样 + Adj.=== |
This structure shows that two nouns are the same in some some aspect, which is the word that follows "一样." | This structure shows that two nouns are the same in some some aspect, which is the word that follows "一样." | ||
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| − | === | + | === 跟 as "and" or "with" === |
| − | + | 跟 functions as a conjunction in this structure, joining two things together. Generally, these are nouns or pronouns (as with 和). 对 cannot function like this. | |
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
* 你 要 <em>跟</em> 我 一起 去 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yào <em>gēn</em> wǒ yīqǐ qù ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you going to go with me?</span> | * 你 要 <em>跟</em> 我 一起 去 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yào <em>gēn</em> wǒ yīqǐ qù ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you going to go with me?</span> | ||
| − | * 鲜花 <em>跟</em>巧克力 是 | + | * 鲜花 <em>跟</em> 巧克力 是 最好 的 礼物。<span class="pinyin">Xiānhuā <em>gēn</em> qiǎokèlì shì zuì hǎo de lǐwù.</span><span class="trans">Flowers and chocolate are the best gifts.</span> |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | == When to Use 对 and not 跟 == |
=== Structure === | === Structure === | ||
| − | When 对 as a | + | When 对 as a preposition, it points to a certain target, since it can mean "facing" or "toward." 跟 can only be used this way with 说. |
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* 那 个 美女 正 <em>对</em> 我 笑 呢。<span class="pinyin">Nàge měinǚ zhèng <em>duì</em> wǒ xiào ne.</span><span class="trans">That pretty girl is laughing at me.</span> | * 那 个 美女 正 <em>对</em> 我 笑 呢。<span class="pinyin">Nàge měinǚ zhèng <em>duì</em> wǒ xiào ne.</span><span class="trans">That pretty girl is laughing at me.</span> | ||
* 不 要 <em>对</em> 老板 发脾气， 不然 后果 很 严重。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>duì</em> lǎobǎn fā píqì, bùrán hòuguǒ hěn yánzhòng.</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.</span> | * 不 要 <em>对</em> 老板 发脾气， 不然 后果 很 严重。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>duì</em> lǎobǎn fā píqì, bùrán hòuguǒ hěn yánzhòng.</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.</span> | ||
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Revision as of 06:03, 5 December 2020
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
跟 (gēn) and 对 (duì) sometimes seem like they mean the same thing, and at other times they seem to be different. You need to be aware which cases are which.
Contents
Used with 说 in the Same Way
When using the verb 说, 跟 and 对 can both be used in a similar sentence pattern. 跟 and 对 are both prepositions, and they both express one person speaking to another.
Structure
Person A + 跟 / 对 + Person B 说
Examples
- 我 跟 她 说 了，但是 她 不 信。I told her, but she didn't believe me.
- 我 对 她 说 了，但是 她 不 信。I told her, but she didn't believe me.
- 他 对 我 说 他 爱 我。He told me he loved me.
- 他 跟 我 说 他 爱 我。He told me he loved me.
- 刚才 你 对 他 说 什么 了？What did you just tell him?
- 刚才 你 跟 他 说 什么 了？What did you just tell him?
Similar Structures but Different Meanings
跟 and 对 can both be verbs, and they are often used with 着, however their meanings are different.
Structure
Subj. + 跟 / 对 + Obj.
Examples for 跟
跟 can be a verb, and its simplest meaning is "follow." Often it is used as a verb phrase, such as 跟着, 跟上, 跟不上, or 跟得上. Then there's 跟 somebody + Verb, in which 跟 is arguably not a verb, but we'll include it here for convenience.
- 这 只 小 猫 总是 跟着 我。This little cat always follows me.
- 你 走 得 太 快 ，我 跟不上。You walk too fast, I can't keep up.
- 你 想 跟 我 去 吗？Do you want to go with me?
Examples for 对
对 is also a verb, put it has the meaning of "towards" or "point to." Often it is used as: 对着, 对上, 对不上.
- 枪口 不 要 对着 人。Don't point guns at people.
- 我 喜欢 对着 镜子 笑。I like to laugh at myself in the mirror.
- 这 两 本 账 对不上。These two accounts don't match up.
When to Use 跟 and not 对
跟 is a preposition, and it can be used in comparison patterns. 对 cannot be used this way.
Comparison Structure with 一样
This structure is used to explain that two things are (or aren't) similar.
A + 跟 + B + （不）一样
Examples
- 我 跟 你们 不一样，我 还 有 孩子 呢。I am not like you guys. I still have kids.
- 上海 跟 纽约 一样，都 是 国际 大 都市。Shanghai and New York are alike; they are both international cities.
Comparison Structure with 一样 + Adj.
This structure shows that two nouns are the same in some some aspect, which is the word that follows "一样."
A + 跟 + B + （不）一样 + Adj.
Examples
- 我 现在 跟 我 爸 一样 高。Now I'm as tall as my dad.
- 你 跟 你 妈 一样 喜欢 买 衣服。You like to buy clothes just like your mother.
跟 as "and" or "with"
跟 functions as a conjunction in this structure, joining two things together. Generally, these are nouns or pronouns (as with 和). 对 cannot function like this.
Subj. 1 跟 Subj. 2 + Verb-Obj.
Examples
- 你 要 跟 我 一起 去 吗？Are you going to go with me?
- 鲜花 跟 巧克力 是 最好 的 礼物。Flowers and chocolate are the best gifts.
When to Use 对 and not 跟
Structure
When 对 as a preposition, it points to a certain target, since it can mean "facing" or "toward." 跟 can only be used this way with 说.
Subj. 1 对 Subj. 2 + Verb
Examples
- 那 个 美女 正 对 我 笑 呢。That pretty girl is laughing at me.
- 不 要 对 老板 发脾气， 不然 后果 很 严重。Don't lose your temper with the boss, otherwise there will be serious consequences.
See Also
Sources and further reading
Books
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 201) [ →buy]
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 465, 343) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
