Difference between revisions of "Advanced uses of "dou""
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{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| + | In its simplest terms, 都 (dōu) means "all," but there are also many other advanced uses for it. | ||
| + | == 都 Meaning "To the Point That" == | ||
| − | + | 都 can also mean 甚至 (shènzhì), meaning "even to the point that," and in this form it expresses emphasis. | |
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| − | 都 can also mean 甚至, meaning "even to the point that" | ||
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| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * 我<em>都</em> | + | * 我 很 想 妈妈 ，有时候 我 <em>都</em> 能 看见 她 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn xiǎng Māma, yǒu shíhou wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng kànjiàn tā.</span><span class="trans">I really miss Mom. Sometimes I can even see her.</span> |
| − | * | + | * 我 <em>都</em> 能 闻见 面包 的 香味 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng wénjiàn miànbāo de xiāngwèi.</span><span class="trans">I can even smell the aroma of bread.</span> |
| − | * | + | * 我 对 你 太 了解 了 ，我 <em>都</em> 能 知道 你 下 一步 要 做 什么 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ duì nǐ tài liǎojiě le, wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng zhīdào nǐ xià yī bù yào zuò shénme.</span><span class="trans">I know you too well. I can even tell what your next move will be.</span> |
| + | * 你 说的 那些 我 <em>都</em> 能 想象 得到。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuō de nàxiē wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng xiǎngxiàng de dào.</span><span class="trans">I can imagine all those things that you said.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == 都 | + | == 都 Meaning "Since..., then..." == |
| − | + | This pattern overlaps a little with the [[Expressing "already" with "dou"|都……了 pattern used to mean "already."]] It still has some of that "[[already]]," flavor, but with some of "[[since]]" added in as well. | |
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | "Since ..., in that case...“ can also be conveyed with 都 and a repeating verb, similar to [["Since" with "jiran"|"既然⋯⋯就"]]. | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| − | 都 + | + | Verb + 都 + Verb 了，... |
</div> | </div> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | * 来 <em>都</em> 来 了 ， 就 先 别 急着 走 了 。<span class="pinyin">Lái <em>dōu</em> lái le, jiù xiān bié jízhe zǒu le.</span><span class="trans">You're here already. No need to be in such a hurry to leave.</span> | |
| − | * | + | * 去 <em>都</em> 去 了 ， 就 好好 玩 吧。<span class="pinyin">Qù <em>dōu</em> qù le, jiù hǎohāo wán ba.</span><span class="trans>Go all the way, just have fun.</span> |
| − | * | + | * 说 <em>都</em> 说 了 ， 就别说这是什么秘密了。<span class="pinyin">Shuō <em>dōu</em> shuō le, jiù bié shuō zhè shì shénme mìmì le.</span><span class="trans>Say what you want to say, just don't spill secrets.</span> |
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == 都 | + | == 都 Adding a Tone of Complaint == |
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| + | 都 can also convey a tone of grumbling or complaint, frequently used with 怨 or 怪. You might argue that this is simply [[the "all" adverb "dou"|the "all" adverb 都]], and you wouldn't be wrong, but this usage is so common that it's worth special attention. | ||
| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | * <em>都</em> 怪 你，出门 不 带 伞。<span class="pinyin><em>Dōu</em> guài nǐ, chūmén bù dài sǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.</span> | |
| − | * <em>都</em> 怪 你，出门 不 带 伞。<span class="trans">It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.</span> | + | * <em>都</em> 是 你，害 我 跑 这么 远。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shì nǐ, hài wǒ pǎo zhème yuǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's because of you, making me go all that way.</span> |
| − | * <em>都</em> 是 你，害 我 跑 这么 远。<span class="trans">It's | + | * <em>都</em> 怨 你，不 提前 订好 座位。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yuàn nǐ, bù tíqián dìng hǎo zuòwèi.</span><span class="trans">I blame you for not making the reservation earlier.</span> |
| − | * <em>都</em> 怨 你，不 提前 | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| − | *[[" | + | *[[Expressing "even" with "shenzhi"]] |
| − | *[[Expressing " | + | *[[Expressing "every" with "mei" and "dou"]] |
*[[Explaining results with "suoyi"]] | *[[Explaining results with "suoyi"]] | ||
*[[Expressing "all" with "shenme dou"]] | *[[Expressing "all" with "shenme dou"]] | ||
*[[Emphasizing quantity with "dou"]] | *[[Emphasizing quantity with "dou"]] | ||
*[[Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"]] | *[[Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"]] | ||
| − | *[[" | + | *[[Expressing "already" with "dou"]] |
== Sources and further reading == | == Sources and further reading == | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|97-99}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|178}} | |
=== Dictionaries === | === Dictionaries === | ||
Latest revision as of 09:08, 18 January 2021
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
In its simplest terms, 都 (dōu) means "all," but there are also many other advanced uses for it.
Contents
都 Meaning "To the Point That"
都 can also mean 甚至 (shènzhì), meaning "even to the point that," and in this form it expresses emphasis.
Structure
Subj. + 都 + Predicate
Examples
- 我 很 想 妈妈 ，有时候 我 都 能 看见 她 。I really miss Mom. Sometimes I can even see her.
- 我 都 能 闻见 面包 的 香味 。I can even smell the aroma of bread.
- 我 对 你 太 了解 了 ，我 都 能 知道 你 下 一步 要 做 什么 。I know you too well. I can even tell what your next move will be.
- 你 说的 那些 我 都 能 想象 得到。I can imagine all those things that you said.
都 Meaning "Since..., then..."
This pattern overlaps a little with the 都……了 pattern used to mean "already." It still has some of that "already," flavor, but with some of "since" added in as well.
Structure
"Since ..., in that case...“ can also be conveyed with 都 and a repeating verb, similar to "既然⋯⋯就".
Verb + 都 + Verb 了，...
Examples
- 来 都 来 了 ， 就 先 别 急着 走 了 。You're here already. No need to be in such a hurry to leave.
- 去 都 去 了 ， 就 好好 玩 吧。Go all the way, just have fun.
- 说 都 说 了 ， 就别说这是什么秘密了。Say what you want to say, just don't spill secrets.
都 Adding a Tone of Complaint
都 can also convey a tone of grumbling or complaint, frequently used with 怨 or 怪. You might argue that this is simply the "all" adverb 都, and you wouldn't be wrong, but this usage is so common that it's worth special attention.
Structure
都 + 怨 / 是 / 怪 + Somebody
Examples
- 都 怪 你，出门 不 带 伞。It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.
- 都 是 你，害 我 跑 这么 远。It's because of you, making me go all that way.
- 都 怨 你，不 提前 订好 座位。I blame you for not making the reservation earlier.
See also
- Expressing "even" with "shenzhi"
- Expressing "every" with "mei" and "dou"
- Explaining results with "suoyi"
- Expressing "all" with "shenme dou"
- Emphasizing quantity with "dou"
- Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"
- Expressing "already" with "dou"
Sources and further reading
Books
- Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 97-99) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 178) [ →buy]
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp.329 ) →buy
