Difference between revisions of "Advanced uses of "dou""

 
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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
 
 
In its simplest terms, 都 (dōu) means "all," but there are also many other advanced uses for it.  
 
In its simplest terms, 都 (dōu) means "all," but there are also many other advanced uses for it.  
  
== 都 meaning "to the point that" ==
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== 都 Meaning "To the Point That" ==
 
 
都 can also mean 甚至, meaning "even to the point that," and in this form it expresses emphasis.
 
  
 +
都 can also mean 甚至 (shènzhì), meaning "even to the point that," and in this form it expresses emphasis.
  
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <em>都</em> 能 闻见 面包 的 香味 。<span class="trans">I can even smell the aroma of bread.</span>
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* 我 很 想 妈妈 ,有时候 我 <em>都</em> 能 看见 她 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hěn xiǎng Māma, yǒu shíhou wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng kànjiàn tā.</span><span class="trans">I really miss Mom. Sometimes I can even see her.</span>
* 我 对 你 太 了解 了 ,我 <em>都</em> 能 知道 你 下 一步 要 做 什么 。<span class="trans">I know you too well. I can even tell what your next move is.</span>
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* 我 <em>都</em> 能 闻见 面包 的 香味 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng wénjiàn miànbāo de xiāngwèi.</span><span class="trans">I can even smell the aroma of bread.</span>
* 我 很 想 妈妈 ,有时候 我 <em>都</em> 能 看见 她 。<span class="trans">I really miss Mom. Sometimes I can even see her.</span>
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* 我 对 你 太 了解 了 ,我 <em>都</em> 能 知道 你 下 一步 要 做 什么 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ duì nǐ tài liǎojiě le, wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng zhīdào nǐ xià yī bù yào zuò shénme.</span><span class="trans">I know you too well. I can even tell what your next move will be.</span>
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* 你 说的 那些 我 <em>都</em> 能 想象 得到。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ shuō de nàxiē wǒ <em>dōu</em> néng xiǎngxiàng de dào.</span><span class="trans">I can imagine all those things that you said.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 都 meaning "since..., then..." ==
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== 都 Meaning "Since..., then..." ==
  
都 can also mean [["Since" with "jiran"|"既然⋯⋯就"]], meaning "Since ..., in that case...“ A simple example would be 他都不说汉语,别跟他讲话, meaning "Since he does not speak Chinese, so don't talk with him."
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This pattern overlaps a little with the [[Expressing "already" with "dou"|都……了 pattern used to mean "already."]] It still has some of that "[[already]]," flavor, but with some of "[[since]]" added in as well.
  
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=== Structure ===
  
 +
"Since ..., in that case...“ can also be conveyed with 都 and a repeating verb, similar to [["Since" with "jiran"|"既然⋯⋯就"]].
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
都 + 小句,主句
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Verb + 都 + Verb 了,...
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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* <em>都</em> 来 了 , 就 先 别 急着 走 <span class="pinyin">Lái <em>dōu</em> lái le, jiù xiān bié jízhe zǒu le.</span><span class="trans">You're here already. No need to be in such a hurry to leave.</span>
* <em>都</em> 这么 说 ,你 还 好意思 再 找 他 帮忙 ?<span class="trans">Even after he said that, you still have the gall to ask for his help?</span>
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* 去 <em>都</em> 去 了 , 就 好好 玩 吧。<span class="pinyin">Qù <em>dōu</em> qù le, jiù hǎohāo wán ba.</span><span class="trans>Go all the way, just have fun.</span>
* 来 <em></em> 来 了 , 就 先 别 急着 走 了 。<span class="trans">I'm here already. No need to be in such a hurry to leave.</span>
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* 说 <em>都</em> 说 了 , 就别说这是什么秘密了。<span class="pinyin">Shuō <em>dōu</em> shuō le, jiù bié shuō zhè shì shénme mìmì le.</span><span class="trans>Say what you want to say, just don't spill secrets.</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== 都 can also have have a tone of complaint ==
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== 都 Adding a Tone of Complaint ==
 
 
It often has a tone of grumbling or complaint, and it is often used with 怨 or 怪.
 
  
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都 can also convey a tone of grumbling or complaint, frequently used with 怨 or 怪. You might argue that this is simply [[the "all" adverb "dou"|the "all" adverb 都]], and you wouldn't be wrong, but this usage is so common that it's worth special attention.
  
 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
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* <em>都</em> 怪 你,出门 不 带 伞。<span class="pinyin><em>Dōu</em> guài nǐ, chūmén bù dài sǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.</span>
* <em>都</em> 怪 你,出门 不 带 伞。<span class="trans">It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.</span>
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* <em>都</em> 是 你,害 我 跑 这么 远。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> shì nǐ, hài wǒ pǎo zhème yuǎn.</span><span class="trans">It's because of you, making me go all that way.</span>
* <em>都</em> 是 你,害 我 跑 这么 远。<span class="trans">It's your fault for making me run so far.</span>
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* <em>都</em> 怨 你,不 提前 订好 座位。<span class="pinyin"><em>Dōu</em> yuàn nǐ, bù tíqián dìng hǎo zuòwèi.</span><span class="trans">I blame you for not making the reservation earlier.</span>
* <em>都</em> 怨 你,不 提前 订 好 座位。<span class="trans">I blame you for not making the reservation earlier in the day.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
*[["Even" as "shenzhi"]]
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*[[Expressing "even" with "shenzhi"]]
*[[Expressing "Every" with "mei" and "dou"]]
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*[[Expressing "every" with "mei" and "dou"]]
 
*[[Explaining results with "suoyi"]]
 
*[[Explaining results with "suoyi"]]
 
*[[Expressing "all" with "shenme dou"]]
 
*[[Expressing "all" with "shenme dou"]]
 
*[[Emphasizing quantity with "dou"]]
 
*[[Emphasizing quantity with "dou"]]
 
*[[Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"]]
 
*[[Expressing "even" with "lian" and "dou"]]
*[["Already" with "dou…le"]]
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*[[Expressing "already" with "dou"]]
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==

Latest revision as of 09:08, 18 January 2021

Chinese-grammar-wiki-dou.jpg

In its simplest terms, 都 (dōu) means "all," but there are also many other advanced uses for it.

都 Meaning "To the Point That"

都 can also mean 甚至 (shènzhì), meaning "even to the point that," and in this form it expresses emphasis.

Structure

Subj. + 都 + Predicate

Examples

  • 我 很 想 妈妈 ,有时候 我 能 看见 她 。Wǒ hěn xiǎng Māma, yǒu shíhou wǒ dōu néng kànjiàn tā.I really miss Mom. Sometimes I can even see her.
  • 能 闻见 面包 的 香味 。dōu néng wénjiàn miànbāo de xiāngwèi.I can even smell the aroma of bread.
  • 我 对 你 太 了解 了 ,我 能 知道 你 下 一步 要 做 什么 。Wǒ duì nǐ tài liǎojiě le, wǒ dōu néng zhīdào nǐ xià yī bù yào zuò shénme.I know you too well. I can even tell what your next move will be.
  • 你 说的 那些 我 能 想象 得到。Nǐ shuō de nàxiē wǒ dōu néng xiǎngxiàng de dào.I can imagine all those things that you said.

都 Meaning "Since..., then..."

This pattern overlaps a little with the 都……了 pattern used to mean "already." It still has some of that "already," flavor, but with some of "since" added in as well.

Structure

"Since ..., in that case...“ can also be conveyed with 都 and a repeating verb, similar to "既然⋯⋯就".

Verb + 都 + Verb 了,...

Examples

  • 来 了 , 就 先 别 急着 走 了 。Lái dōu lái le, jiù xiān bié jízhe zǒu le.You're here already. No need to be in such a hurry to leave.
  • 去 了 , 就 好好 玩 吧。dōu qù le, jiù hǎohāo wán ba.Go all the way, just have fun.
  • 说 了 , 就别说这是什么秘密了。Shuō dōu shuō le, jiù bié shuō zhè shì shénme mìmì le.Say what you want to say, just don't spill secrets.

都 Adding a Tone of Complaint

都 can also convey a tone of grumbling or complaint, frequently used with 怨 or 怪. You might argue that this is simply the "all" adverb 都, and you wouldn't be wrong, but this usage is so common that it's worth special attention.

Structure

都 + 怨 / 是 / 怪 + Somebody

Examples

  • 怪 你,出门 不 带 伞。Dōu guài nǐ, chūmén bù dài sǎn.It's all your fault, leaving without bringing an umbrella.
  • 是 你,害 我 跑 这么 远。Dōu shì nǐ, hài wǒ pǎo zhème yuǎn.It's because of you, making me go all that way.
  • 怨 你,不 提前 订好 座位。Dōu yuàn nǐ, bù tíqián dìng hǎo zuòwèi.I blame you for not making the reservation earlier.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries

HSK5