Basic comparisons with "bi"

Also known as: 比字句 (bǐ zì jù).

One of the most common words when comparing things in Chinese is to use 比 (bǐ). 比 (bǐ) draws similarities to the English word "than" when making comparisons between things.

Basic Pattern Using 比

You could think of 比 (bǐ) as meaning "than," except that it sits between the two things being compared. The word order will take a little getting used to, but aside from that, the pattern is quite easy.

Structure

To say that one thing is more adjective than another, the structure is:

Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj.

The noun that's placed first is the one that comes out on top in the comparison. So in the sentence:

• 小李 比 小张 高 。Xiǎo Lǐ bǐ Xiǎo Zhāng gāo .Xiao Li is taller than Xiao Zhang.

小李 (Xiǎo lǐ) is taller. The same situation could be described as

• 小张 比 小李 矮 。Xiǎo Zhāng bǐ Xiǎo Lǐ ǎi .Xiao Zhang is shorter than Xiao Li.

Examples

• 他 比 老师 大 。Tā bǐ lǎoshī dà . He is older than the teacher.
• 美国 比 中国 有钱 。Měiguó bǐ Zhōngguó yǒuqián. America is richer than China.
• 她 比 她妈妈 漂亮 。Tā bǐ tā māma piàoliang . She is more beautiful than her mother.
• 星巴克 的 咖啡 比 这里 的 咖啡 贵 。Xīngbākè de kāfēi bǐ zhèlǐ de kāfēi guì. The coffee at Starbucks is more expensive than the coffee here.
• 地铁 比 公交车 方便 。Dìtiě bǐ gōngjiāochē fāngbiàn. Metro is more convenient than bus.

Common Errors

Try not to make these mistakes:

The adjective used in the comparison should be positive, not negative.

• 我 比 你 不 聪明 。Wǒ bǐ nǐ bù cōngming .I am not smarter than you. (incorrect)
• 你 比 我 聪明 。Nǐ bǐ wǒ cōngming .You are smarter than me. (correct)

比 (bǐ) is not used with 一样 (yīyàng). 比 (bǐ) is used when two things are not the same.

• 我 比 你 一样 聪明 。Wǒ bǐ nǐ yīyàng cōngming.I am as smart as you. (incorrect)
• 我 跟 你 一样 聪明 。Wǒ gēn nǐ yīyàng cōngming.I am as smart as you. (correct)

Pattern Using 比 and 更

This is a slight upgrade of the basic 比 (bǐ) comparison pattern, adding in 更 (gèng) before the adjective. 更 (gèng) means "even more," so the idea is that while one thing is already quite [adjective], this other thing is even more [adjective]. Pretty simple!

Structure

Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + 更 + Adj.

The only new thing here is the addition of 更 (gèng) before the adjective.

• 小李 比 小张 更 高 。Xiǎo Lǐ bǐ Xiǎo Zhāng gèng gāo .Xiao Li is even taller than Xiao Zhang.

The implication is that while Xiao Zhang is tall, 小李 (Xiǎo lǐ) is even taller.

Examples

• 我哥哥 比 我 更 高 。Wǒgēge bǐ wǒ gèng gāo. My brother is taller than me.
• 你男朋友 比 我男朋友 更 帅 。Nǐ bǐ nǐ māmā gèng piàoliang . You are prettier than your mom.
• 这里 的 冬天 比 纽约 的 冬天 更 冷 。Zhè lǐ de dōngtiān bǐ Niǔyuē de dōngtiān gèng lěng. The winter here is colder than it is in New York.
• 中文语法 比 汉字 更 难 。Zhōngwényǔfǎ bǐ hànzì gèng nán . Chinese grammar is more difficult than Chinese characters.
• 你 的 问题 比 我 的 问题 更 麻烦。Nǐ de wèntí bǐ wǒ de wèntí gèng máfan. Your problem is more troublesome than mine.

See also

Finally, to express "not as... as," use 没有, and to express "not more... than" use 不比 (the negative cousin of 比).

Check these elementary comparison patterns out as well:

• Basic comparisons with "bu bi"
• Basic comparisons with "meiyou"

When you're ready for more, we also have a good overview of comparisons in Mandarin Chinese which spans all levels.

Sources and further reading

Books

• Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 61-3) →buy
• Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (p. 53) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) (pp. 65-6) →buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (pp. 6-8) →buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 184-5) →buy

Websites

• East Asia Student: Simple comparisons in Mandarin Chinese
• Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary: Usage of 跟 and 比