Difference between revisions of "Expressing "if... then..." with "ruguo... jiu...""

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*<em>如果</em> 不 好好 复习,你<em>就</em> 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> bù hǎohǎo fùxí, <em>jiù</em> wúfǎ tōngguò míngtiān de kǎoshì.</span><span class="trans">If you don't review well, you won't be able to pass tomorrow's test.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 你 输 了 ,<em>就</em> 要 给 我 一 百 块 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ shū le, <em>jiù</em> yào gěi wǒ yī bǎi kuài.</span><span class="trans">If you lose, you need to give me 100 kuai.</span>
*<em>如果</em> 在 上海 找 不 到 好 工作,我 <em>就</em> 回 老家 。<span class="trans">If I can't find a job in Beijing, I'm going to go back to Kunming.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 老板 满意 ,我们 <em>就</em> 要  继续 加班 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> lǎobǎn mǎnyì, wǒmen <em>jiù</em> yào jìxù jiābān.</span><span class="trans">If the boss isn't satisfied, we need keep working late.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 在 上海 找 不 到 好 工作 ,我 <em>就</em> 回 老家 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> zài Shànghǎi zhǎo bu dào hǎo gōngzuò, wǒ <em>jiù</em> huí lǎojiā.</span><span class="trans">If I can't find a nice job in Shanghai, I'm going to go back to my hometown.</span>
  
 
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Revision as of 03:07, 10 October 2017

One of the benefits of Chinese is that the grammar is often very logical and concise. In this article, we look at the "如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯" (rúguǒ..., jiù...) structure. We will also look at uses "的话" (dehuà).

Standard Pattern

Structure

"如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯" is an often-used pattern that is utilized in the same way that "If…, then…" is in English.

如果 ⋯⋯ ,就 ⋯⋯

Examples

  • 如果 你 输 了 , 要 给 我 一 百 块 。Rúguǒ nǐ shū le, jiù yào gěi wǒ yī bǎi kuài.If you lose, you need to give me 100 kuai.
  • 如果 老板 不 满意 ,我们 要 继续 加班 。Rúguǒ lǎobǎn bù mǎnyì, wǒmen jiù yào jìxù jiābān.If the boss isn't satisfied, we need keep working late.
  • 如果 在 上海 找 不 到 好 工作 ,我 回 老家 。Rúguǒ zài Shànghǎi zhǎo bu dào hǎo gōngzuò, wǒ jiù huí lǎojiā.If I can't find a nice job in Shanghai, I'm going to go back to my hometown.

Colloquial Expression

Although 如果 can be used to mean "if" all by itself, it's often used together with the phrase 的话 to create the "if" sandwich pattern. "如果" and "就" are optional colloquially.

Structure

(如果) ⋯⋯ 的话 ,(就) ⋯⋯

Examples

  • 见到 他们 的话,帮 我 问 好 。 Jiàndào tāmen dehuà, bāng wǒ wènhǎo.If you meet them, tell them I say hello.
  • 不 方便 的话 ,我 就 不 去 了 。Bù fāngbiàn dehuà, wǒ jiù bù qù le.If you're not busy, come to my place and hang out.
  • 如果 你 喜欢 的话 ,就 拿走 吧 。Rúguǒ nǐ xǐhuan dehuà, jiù názǒu ba.Take it if you like it.
  • 有空 的话 来 我家 玩 。 Yǒu kòng dehuà lái wǒ jiā wán.If you're not busy, come to my place so we can hang out.
  • 如果 他 还是 不 同意 的话 ,你 怎么办 ?Rúguǒ tā háishì bù tóngyì dehuà, nǐ zěnmebàn?What will you do if he still disagree?

Here's the slightly tricky thing: while you can use 如果 without 的话, it's also possible to drop the 如果 and just use the 的话 instead to mean "if." It's even possible to use neither, and let the "if" be completely implied.

Statement + 的话,(就) Result

  • 你 去 的话,帮 我 跟 她 问 好。 Nǐ qù de huà, bāng wǒ gēn tā wènhǎo.If you go, tell her I say hello.
  • 下次 有 时间 的话,一定 要 找 我 玩儿。 Xià cì yǒu shíjiān de huà, yīdìng yào zhǎo wǒ wán er.When you have time, you need to find me so we can hang out.
  • 你 不 忙 的话,可以 帮 我 联系 客户 吗?Nǐ bù máng de huà, kěyǐ bāng wǒ liánxì kèhù ma?If you're not busy, can you help me connect with customers?
  • 没 地方 住 的话,就 来 我 这里 吧。Méi dìfang zhù de huà, jiù lái wǒ zhèlǐ ba.

如果⋯⋯那么

这里,“那么”的用法是使得结构的前后两部分显得不那么严肃和拘束,起到一种舒缓句子节奏的作用。

Structure

如果 + Statement, 那么(就) + Result

Examples

  • 如果 你 不 去,那么 我 也 不 去。Rúguǒ nǐ bù qù, nàme wǒ yě bù qù.
  • 如果 他 知道 了,那么 他 一 定 会 来 告诉 我。Rúguǒ tā zhīdào le, nàme tā yīdìng huì lái gàosu wǒ.
  • 如果 现在 我们 不 合作,那么 我们 以后 就 没有 机会 合作 了。Rúguǒ xiànzài wǒmen bù hézuò, nàme wǒmen yǐhòu jiù méiyǒu jīhuì hézuò le.
  • 如果 你 不 相信 我,那么 我 就 什么 都 不 说 了。Rúguǒ nǐ bù xiāngxìn wǒ, nàme wǒ jiù shénme dōu bù shuō le.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books