Difference between revisions of "Expressing "since" with "jiran""

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=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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The second halves of following sentences are all suggestions.
  
 
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*你 <em>既然</em> 不 喜欢 他,为什么 还 想 跟 他 出去?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>jìrán</em> bù xǐhuān tā, wèishénme hái xiǎng gēn tā chūqù?</span><span class="trans">Since you don't like him, why would you go out with him?</span>
*你 <em>既然</em> 不 喜欢 他,为什么 还 想 跟 他 出去?<span class="expl">a suggestion</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>jìrán</em> bù xǐhuān tā, wèishénme hái xiǎng gēn tā chūqù?</span><span class="trans">Since you don't like him, why would you go out with him?</span>
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*<em>既然</em> 你 已经 决定 了,为什么 现在 后悔?<span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, wèishénme xiànzài hòuhuǐ?</span><span class="trans">Since you've already made your decision, why regret it now?</span>
*<em>既然</em> 你 已经 决定 了,为什么 现在 后悔?<span class="expl">a suggestion</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, wèishénme xiànzài hòuhuǐ?</span><span class="trans">Since you've already made your decision, why regret it now?</span>
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*<em>既然</em> 他 那么 忙,你 为什么 还 去 打扰 他?<span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> tā nàme máng, nǐ wèishénme hái qù dǎrǎo tā?</span><span class="trans">Since he's so busy, why would you go bother him?</span>
*<em>既然</em> 他 那么 忙,你 为什么 还 去 打扰 他?<span class="expl">a suggestion</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> tā nàme máng, nǐ wèishénme hái qù dǎrǎo tā?</span><span class="trans">Since he's so busy, why would you go bother him?</span>
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*<em>既然</em> 已经 分手 了,为什么 还 要 见面?<span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> yǐjīng fēnshǒu le, wèishénme hái yào jiànmiàn?</span><span class="trans">Since we've already broken up, why would we still meet up?</span>
*<em>既然</em> 已经 分手 了,为什么 还 要 见面?<span class="expl">a suggestion</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> yǐjīng fēnshǒu le, wèishénme hái yào jiànmiàn?</span><span class="trans">Since we've already broken up, why would we still meet up?</span>
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*<em>既然</em> 你 男朋友 那么 有钱,<em>那</em> 他 为什么 不 能 大方 一点?<span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> nǐ nánpéngyou nàme yǒuqián, nà tā wèishénme bù néng dàfang yīdiǎn?</span><span class="trans">Since your boyfriend is so rich, why can't he be more generous?</span>
*<em>既然</em> 你 男朋友 那么 有钱,<em>那</em> 他 为什么 不 能 大方 一点?<span class="expl">a suggestion</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Jìrán</em> nǐ nánpéngyou nàme yǒuqián, nà tā wèishénme bù néng dàfang yīdiǎn?</span><span class="trans">Since your boyfriend is so rich, why can't he be more generous?</span>
 
 
 
 
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Revision as of 09:59, 15 December 2020

既然 (jìrán) means "since," and is often followed by 就 to mean "since...then...." It is used like this:

既然 followed by an affirmative sentence

This construction is not generally used to express a result, but more of a suggestion or inference deduced from the first fact. It can be placed before or after the subject. But if the subjects in the two clauses are the same, 既然 is more often put after the subject.

Structure

既然+Fact, 那 / 就 / 那就+Suggestion / Inference

Examples

The second halves of following sentences are all suggestions or inferences.

  • 既然 不 想 说,那就 别 说 了。jìrán bù xiǎng shuō, nà jiù bié shuō le.Since you don't want to say, then just don't say.
  • 既然 你 那么 喜欢,那就 买 吧。 Jìránnàme xǐhuān, nà jiù mǎi ba.Since you like it so much, just buy it.
  • 既然 刚刚 分手, 现在 应该 是 单身 吧。 jìrán gānggāng fēnshǒu, xiànzài yīnggāi shì dānshēn ba.Since she just had a breakup, she should be single now.
  • 既然 你们 是 好 朋友, 他 肯定 会 帮 你 吧。Jìrán nǐmen shì hǎo péngyou, tā kěndìng huì bāng nǐ ba.Since you guys are good friends, he will definitely help you.
  • 既然 大家 都 不 感 兴趣, 换 个 话题 吧。Jìrán dàjiā dōu bù gǎn xìngqù, jiù huàn gè huàtí ba.Since nobody is interested, let's change the topic.

既然 Followed by a Question

The suggestion or inference deduced from the first "fact" can come in the form of rhetorical question. In this case, 那 can be omitted.

Structure

既然 + Fact, (那 +) Rhetorical Question

Examples

The second halves of following sentences are all suggestions.

  • 既然 不 喜欢 他,为什么 还 想 跟 他 出去?jìrán bù xǐhuān tā, wèishénme hái xiǎng gēn tā chūqù?Since you don't like him, why would you go out with him?
  • 既然 你 已经 决定 了,为什么 现在 后悔?Jìrán nǐ yǐjīng juédìng le, wèishénme xiànzài hòuhuǐ?Since you've already made your decision, why regret it now?
  • 既然 他 那么 忙,你 为什么 还 去 打扰 他?Jìrán tā nàme máng, nǐ wèishénme hái qù dǎrǎo tā?Since he's so busy, why would you go bother him?
  • 既然 已经 分手 了,为什么 还 要 见面?Jìrán yǐjīng fēnshǒu le, wèishénme hái yào jiànmiàn?Since we've already broken up, why would we still meet up?
  • 既然 你 男朋友 那么 有钱, 他 为什么 不 能 大方 一点?Jìrán nǐ nánpéngyou nàme yǒuqián, nà tā wèishénme bù néng dàfang yīdiǎn?Since your boyfriend is so rich, why can't he be more generous?

See also

Sources and further reading

Books