Difference between revisions of "Expressing ability or possibility with "neng""

m (Text replace - "{{#seo:keywords={{SEO Keywords}}}}" to " ")
m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}")
 
(89 intermediate revisions by 19 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
 +
能 (néng) is one of several Chinese words that is normally translated as "can" in English. However, 能 (néng) is used to emphasize one's ability or the possibility of something happening.
  
能 (néng) is another Chinese word that is often translated as "can." However, it has a slightly different meaning than the others. 能 is used to express ability or possibility of doing something. This article will further explain its use.
+
== Expressing Ability ==
  
== Expressing Ability ==
+
能 (néng) indicates ability when used with activities that are not consciously learned or studied.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
The verb is used to express either ''ability'' or ''possibility''. The structure is:
+
The structure to use (néng) to express "ability" is:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
Subject + 能 + Verb + Object
+
Subj. + 能 + Verb + Obj.
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
indicates ability when used with activities that are not consciously learned or studied.  
+
<div class="liju">
 +
* 我 <em></em> 吃 四 十 个 饺子。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>néng</em> chī sìshí gè jiǎozi.</span><span class="trans">I can eat 40 dumplings.</span>
 +
* 他 <em>能</em> 工作 24 个 小时。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>néng</em> gōngzuò èrshí-sì gè xiǎoshí.</span><span class="trans">He can work 24 hours.</span>
 +
* 你 <em>能</em> 帮 我 找到 他 吗? <span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>néng</em> bāng wǒ zhǎodào tā ma?</span><span class="trans">Can you help me find him?</span>
 +
* 你 的 手机 <em>能</em> 上网 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ de shǒujī <em>néng</em> shàngwǎng ma?</span><span class="trans">Can your cell phone go on the internet?</span>
 +
* 一 岁 的 宝宝 <em>能</em> 说话 吗?<span class="pinyin">Yī suì de bǎobao <em>néng</em> shuōhuà ma?</span><span class="trans">Can a one year old baby talk?</span>
  
<div class="liju">
 
* 我 <em>能</em> 吃 四十 个 饺子。<span class="trans">I can eat 40 dumplings.</span>
 
* 我 <em>能</em> 听懂 东北话。<span class="trans">I can understand Northeastern dialect.</span>
 
* 我的老板 <em>能</em> 工作 24 个 小时。<span class="trans">My boss can work 24 hours.</span>
 
* 一岁 的 宝宝 <em>能</em> 跑?<span class="trans">Can a one year old baby run?</span>
 
* 你 <em>能</em> 喝 十 杯 啤酒?<span class="trans">Can you drink 10 glasses of beer?</span>
 
* 我 知道 怎么做,我<em>能</em> 帮 你。<span class="trans">I know what to do. I can help.</span>
 
* 我 的 旧 手机 不 <em>能</em> 上网。<span class="trans">My old cellphone did not have internet.</span>
 
* 中文 这么 难,你  <em>能</em> 学 好 吗?<span class="trans">Chinese is difficult, can you study well?</span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
== Expressing Possibility ==
 
== Expressing Possibility ==
  
The structure is exactly the same.
+
When used with activities that are consciously learned or studied, 能 (néng) generally means that circumstances do not allow execution of the action. In other words, it's ''not possible.''
  
=== Examples ===
+
=== Structure ===
  
When used with activities that are consciously learned or studied, generally means that circumstances do not allow execution of the action.  In other words, it's ''not possible''.  Sometimes this is a bit of an exaggeration and actually just means it's "not allowed." It can be instead of "可以".
+
The structure to use (néng) to express possibility is exactly the same:
  
<div class="liju">
+
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 能 + Verb + Obj.
 +
</div>
  
* 上课 的 时候 不 <em>能</em> 说 英文。<span class="expl"> (my teacher has forbidden me from speaking English.)</span><span class="trans">In class, you can't speak English.</span>
+
=== Examples ===
* 在 这里 不 <em>能</em> 游泳。<span class="expl">(it's not allowed, or not possible for other reasons)</span><span class="trans">You can't swim here.</span>
 
* 我 <em>能</em> 买 这 个 玩具 吗?<span class="expl">(the speaker is afraid his parents won't agree, or that it's not for sale) </span><span class="trans">Can I buy this toy?</span>
 
* 我 不<em>能</em> 要 你 的 钱。<span class="trans">I can't accept your money.</span>
 
* 明天 你 <em>能</em> 做 完 吗?<span class="trans">Can you finish today?</span>
 
* 星期天 十 点 你 <em>能</em> 来 吗?<span class="trans">Can you come at 10 o'clock on Sunday?</span>
 
* 我 不 <em>能</em> 那么 早 上班。<span class="trans">I can't work that early.</span>
 
* 你 <em>能</em> 帮 我 买 个 东西 吗?<span class="trans">Can you help me buy a thing?</span>
 
  
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
* 开车 一 个 小时 <em>能</em> 到 家 吗?<span class="pinyin">Kāichē yī gè xiǎoshí <em>néng</em> dào jiā ma?</span><span class="trans">Is it possible to drive home in one hour?</span>
 +
* 他们 明天 <em>能</em> 早 点 来 吗?<span class="pinyin"> Tāmen míngtiān <em>néng</em> zǎo diǎn lái ma?</span><span class="trans">Would it be possible for them to come a little earlier tomorrow?</span>
 +
* 你们 <em>能</em> 小声 一点 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>néng</em> xiǎo shēng yīdiǎn ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you all lower your voices a bit?</span>
 +
* 你 <em>能</em> 告诉 我 她的 手机 号码 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>néng</em> gàosu wǒ tā de shǒujī hàomǎ ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you tell me her cell phone number?</span>
 +
* 一 千 块 <em>能</em> 买 一 个 手机 吗?<span class="pinyin">Yīqiān kuài <em>néng</em> mǎi yī gè shǒujī ma?</span><span class="trans">Is it possible to buy a cell phone with one thousand RMB?</span>
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Other usages ==
+
== Other Usages ==
  
From these examples we can see such circumstances might be pertaining to getting someone's consent or reliant on the speaker's health. 会 can be used instead if the speaker wishes to express that they are able to execute an action requiring a consciously studied skill.  
+
From these examples we can see such circumstances might be pertaining to getting someone's consent or reliant on the speaker's health. If the speaker wishes to express that they are able to execute an action requiring a consciously studied skill, 会 (huì) can be used instead.
  
Because 能 can express possibility, it is often used to form polite questions, something like "would it be possible" in English:
+
Because 能 (néng) can express possibility, it is often used to form polite questions, something like "would it be possible" in English:
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 你 <em></em> 帮 我 吗?<span class="trans">Could you help me?</span>
+
* 我 <em>能</em> 问 一 个 问题 吗?<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>néng</em> wèn nǐ yī gè wèntí ma?</span><span class="trans">Could I ask you a question?</span>
* <em>能 不 能</em> 给 我 那 本书?<span class="trans">Can you give me that book?</span>
+
* <em>能</em> 坐 在 这里 吗?<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>néng</em> zuò zài zhèlǐ ma?</span><span class="trans">Could I sit here?</span>
* <em>能</em> 问 你 一 个 问题 吗?<span class="trans">Can I ask you a question?</span>
+
* 这里 <em>能</em> 游泳。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">It's not allowed, or not possible for other reasons.</span><span class="pinyin">Zhèlǐ bù <em>néng</em> yóuyǒng.</span><span class="trans">You can't swim here.</span>
 +
* 上课 的 时候 不 <em>能</em> 说 英文。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">My teacher has forbidden me from speaking English.</span><span class="pinyin">Shàngkè de shíhou bù <em>néng</em> shuō Yīngwén.</span><span class="trans">In class, you can't speak English.</span>
 +
* 工作 的 时候 不 <em>能</em> 玩 手机。<span class="pinyin">Gōngzuò de shíhou bù <em>néng</em> wán shǒujī.</span><span class="trans">When working, you can't play with your cell phone.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
Line 66: Line 68:
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
  
*[[Expressing permission]]
+
*[[Expressing permission with "keyi"]]
*[[Expressing a learned skill]]
+
*[[Expressing a learned skill with "hui"]]
 
*[[Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi"]]
 
*[[Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi"]]
  
Line 78: Line 80:
 
=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 219-20) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|74}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (pp. 160-1) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|219-20}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)]] (pp. 185-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7561926235 →buy]
+
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|160-1}}
 +
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)|185-7}}
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}} <!-- HSK3 tag removed because it's actually about 反问句 -->
 
{{Used for|Expressing ability}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing ability}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possibility}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possibility}}
{{Basic Grammar|能|A1|能 + V|中文 这么 难,你  <em>能</em> 学 好 吗?|grammar point|ASG9PQ40}}
+
{{Basic Grammar|能|A1|能 + Verb|中文 这么 难,你  <em>能</em> 学 好 吗?|grammar point|ASG9PQ40}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing permission}}  
 
{{Similar|Expressing permission}}  
 
{{Similar|Expressing a learned skill}}  
 
{{Similar|Expressing a learned skill}}  
 
{{Similar|Hui, keyi and neng}}
 
{{Similar|Hui, keyi and neng}}
{{Similar|Basic sentence order}}   
 
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Auxiliary verbs}}
 
{{Translation|Can}}
 
{{Translation|Can}}
 
{{Translation|Able}}
 
{{Translation|Able}}

Latest revision as of 09:24, 20 April 2021

能 (néng) is one of several Chinese words that is normally translated as "can" in English. However, 能 (néng) is used to emphasize one's ability or the possibility of something happening.

Expressing Ability

能 (néng) indicates ability when used with activities that are not consciously learned or studied.

Structure

The structure to use 能 (néng) to express "ability" is:

Subj. + 能 + Verb + Obj.

Examples

  • 吃 四 十 个 饺子。néng chī sìshí gè jiǎozi.I can eat 40 dumplings.
  • 工作 24 个 小时。néng gōngzuò èrshí-sì gè xiǎoshí.He can work 24 hours.
  • 帮 我 找到 他 吗? néng bāng wǒ zhǎodào tā ma?Can you help me find him?
  • 你 的 手机 上网 吗?Nǐ de shǒujī néng shàngwǎng ma?Can your cell phone go on the internet?
  • 一 岁 的 宝宝 说话 吗?Yī suì de bǎobao néng shuōhuà ma?Can a one year old baby talk?

Expressing Possibility

When used with activities that are consciously learned or studied, 能 (néng) generally means that circumstances do not allow execution of the action. In other words, it's not possible.

Structure

The structure to use 能 (néng) to express possibility is exactly the same:

Subj. + 能 + Verb + Obj.

Examples

  • 开车 一 个 小时 到 家 吗?Kāichē yī gè xiǎoshí néng dào jiā ma?Is it possible to drive home in one hour?
  • 他们 明天 早 点 来 吗? Tāmen míngtiān néng zǎo diǎn lái ma?Would it be possible for them to come a little earlier tomorrow?
  • 你们 小声 一点 吗?Nǐmen néng xiǎo shēng yīdiǎn ma?Could you all lower your voices a bit?
  • 告诉 我 她的 手机 号码 吗 ?néng gàosu wǒ tā de shǒujī hàomǎ ma?Could you tell me her cell phone number?
  • 一 千 块 买 一 个 手机 吗?Yīqiān kuài néng mǎi yī gè shǒujī ma?Is it possible to buy a cell phone with one thousand RMB?

Other Usages

From these examples we can see such circumstances might be pertaining to getting someone's consent or reliant on the speaker's health. If the speaker wishes to express that they are able to execute an action requiring a consciously studied skill, 会 (huì) can be used instead.

Because 能 (néng) can express possibility, it is often used to form polite questions, something like "would it be possible" in English:

Examples

  • 问 你 一 个 问题 吗?néng wèn nǐ yī gè wèntí ma?Could I ask you a question?
  • 坐 在 这里 吗?néng zuò zài zhèlǐ ma?Could I sit here?
  • 这里 不 游泳。It's not allowed, or not possible for other reasons.Zhèlǐ bù néng yóuyǒng.You can't swim here.
  • 上课 的 时候 不 说 英文。My teacher has forbidden me from speaking English.Shàngkè de shíhou bù néng shuō Yīngwén.In class, you can't speak English.
  • 工作 的 时候 不 玩 手机。Gōngzuò de shíhou bù néng wán shǒujī.When working, you can't play with your cell phone.

See also

Sources and further reading

Websites

Books