Difference between revisions of "Expressing close possession without "de""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
[[Expressing possession]] in Chinese is accomplished with the particle [[的]] (de). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more naturally to drop the 的 (de).
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[[Expressing possession with "de"|Expressing possession]] in Chinese is accomplished with the particle [[的]] (de). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more natural to drop the 的 (de).
  
=== Structure ===
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== Structure ==
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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</div>
 
</div>
  
Normally [[Expressing possession|possession]] is expressed with the [[particle]] 的 (de). However, you can omit 的 (de) in these cases:
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Normally [[Expressing possession with "de"|possession]] is expressed using the [[particle]] 的 (de). However, you can omit 的 (de) in these cases:
  
* A close personal relationship (family, close friends, boyfriends/girlfriends) is involved
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* A close personal relationship is involved (family, close friends, boyfriends or girlfriends)
* An institutional or organizational relationship (school, work) is involved
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* An institutional or organizational relationship is involved (school, work)
  
 
In these cases 的 (de) '''should be''' omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.
 
In these cases 的 (de) '''should be''' omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.
  
=== Examples ===
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== Examples ==
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
 
* <em>我 家</em> 很 大。<span class="pinyin"><em>Wǒ jiā</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">My house is very big.</span>
 
* <em>我 家</em> 很 大。<span class="pinyin"><em>Wǒ jiā</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">My house is very big.</span>
* <em>你 哥哥</em> 很 高 。<span class="pinyin"><Em> Nǐ gēge </em> hěn gāo.</span><span class="trans">Your big brother is very tall.</span>
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* <em>你 哥哥</em> 很 高 。<span class="pinyin"><Em> Nǐ gēge</em> hěn gāo.</span><span class="trans">Your big brother is very tall.</span>
 
* 这 是 <em>我 女朋友</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì <em>wǒ nǚpéngyou</em>.</span><span class="trans">This is my girlfriend.</span>
 
* 这 是 <em>我 女朋友</em>。 <span class="pinyin">Zhè shì <em>wǒ nǚpéngyou</em>.</span><span class="trans">This is my girlfriend.</span>
* <em>她 妈妈</em> 很 漂亮。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā māmā</em> hěn piàoliang.</span><span class="trans">Her mom is very pretty.</span>
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* <em>她 妈妈</em> 很 漂亮。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā māma</em> hěn piàoliang.</span><span class="trans">Her mom is very pretty.</span>
 
* <em>我们 学校</em> 很 大 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒmen xuéxiào</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">Our school is big.</span>
 
* <em>我们 学校</em> 很 大 。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒmen xuéxiào</em> hěn dà.</span><span class="trans">Our school is big.</span>
 
* <em>他们 公司</em> 在 北京。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tāmen gōngsī</em> zài Běijīng.</span><span class="trans">Their company is in Bejing.</span>
 
* <em>他们 公司</em> 在 北京。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tāmen gōngsī</em> zài Běijīng.</span><span class="trans">Their company is in Bejing.</span>
* <em>你 男朋友</em> 很 帅。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Nǐ nán péngyou</em> hěn shuài.</span><span class="trans">Your boyfriend is very handsome.</span>
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* <em>你 男朋友</em> 很 帅。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Nǐ nánpéngyou</em> hěn shuài.</span><span class="trans">Your boyfriend is very handsome.</span>
 
* <em>他 儿子</em> 很 有名。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā érzi</em> hěn yǒumíng.</span><span class="trans">His son is really famous.</span>
 
* <em>他 儿子</em> 很 有名。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Tā érzi</em> hěn yǒumíng.</span><span class="trans">His son is really famous.</span>
 
* <em>我 女儿</em> 会 说 英语。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒ nǚ'ér</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ.</span><span class="trans">My daughter can speak English.</span>
 
* <em>我 女儿</em> 会 说 英语。<span class="pinyin"><Em>Wǒ nǚ'ér</em> huì shuō Yīngyǔ.</span><span class="trans">My daughter can speak English.</span>
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==See also==
 
==See also==
  
*[[Expressing possession]]
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*[[Expressing possession with "de"]]
 
*[[Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"]]
 
*[[Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"]]
 
*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"]]
 
*[[Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (p. 76) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|24}}
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (p. 31) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|76}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (p. 87) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|31}}
 +
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|87}}
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possession}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possession}}
{{Basic Grammar|的|A1|Pronoun + Noun|我 女朋友。|grammar point|ASGCI0KG}}
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{{Basic Grammar|的|A1|Pronoun + Noun|我 女朋友|grammar point|ASGCI0KG}}
{{Similar|Expressing possession}}  
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{{Similar|Expressing possession with "de"}}  
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"}}  
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + "de"}}  
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"}}   
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with phrase + "de"}}   

Latest revision as of 09:23, 20 April 2021

Expressing possession in Chinese is accomplished with the particle (de). But sometimes when certain (especially close) relationships are involved, it's more natural to drop the 的 (de).

Structure

Pronoun + Noun

Normally possession is expressed using the particle 的 (de). However, you can omit 的 (de) in these cases:

  • A close personal relationship is involved (family, close friends, boyfriends or girlfriends)
  • An institutional or organizational relationship is involved (school, work)

In these cases 的 (de) should be omitted. It doesn't sound as natural if you leave it in.

Examples

  • 我 家 很 大。Wǒ jiā hěn dà.My house is very big.
  • 你 哥哥 很 高 。 Nǐ gēge hěn gāo.Your big brother is very tall.
  • 这 是 我 女朋友Zhè shì wǒ nǚpéngyou.This is my girlfriend.
  • 她 妈妈 很 漂亮。Tā māma hěn piàoliang.Her mom is very pretty.
  • 我们 学校 很 大 。Wǒmen xuéxiào hěn dà.Our school is big.
  • 他们 公司 在 北京。Tāmen gōngsī zài Běijīng.Their company is in Bejing.
  • 你 男朋友 很 帅。Nǐ nánpéngyou hěn shuài.Your boyfriend is very handsome.
  • 他 儿子 很 有名。Tā érzi hěn yǒumíng.His son is really famous.
  • 我 女儿 会 说 英语。Wǒ nǚ'ér huì shuō Yīngyǔ.My daughter can speak English.
  • 他 爸爸我们 公司 的 老板。Tā bàba shì wǒmen gōngsī de lǎobǎn.His dad is the boss of our company.

If 的 (de) was used in the above examples, it would create an unnatural sense of distance between the two.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books