Difference between revisions of "Structure of numbers"

Line 155: Line 155:
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
<div class="liju">
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered" style="max-width=20em; font-size:120%">
 
+
<tr><th>Numeral</th><th>Character</th><th>Pinyin</th></tr>
{| class="wikitable" style="width:100%"
+
<tr><td>1001</td><td>一千零一</td><td>yīqiān líng yī</td></tr>
|+
+
<tr><td>1010</td><td>一千零一十</td><td>yīqiān líng yīshí</td></tr>
! Digit || Chinese || Pinyin
+
<tr><td>1019</td><td>一千零一十九</td><td>yīqiān líng yīshí jiǔ</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>1020</td><td>一千零二十</td><td>yīqiān líng èrshí</td></tr>
| 1001 || 一千零一 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān líng yī</span>
+
<tr><td>1100</td><td>一千一百</td><td>yīqiān yībǎi</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>1101</td><td>一千一百零一</td><td>yīqiān yībǎi líng yī</td></tr>
| 1010 || 一千零一十 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān líng yīshí</span>
+
<tr><td>1234</td><td>一千二百三十四</td><td>yīqiān èrbǎi sānshí sì</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>2345</td><td>两千三百四十五</td><td>liǎngqiān sānbǎi sìshí wǔ</td></tr>
| 1019 || 一千零一十九 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān líng yīshí jiǔ</span>
+
<tr><td>8765</td><td>八千七百六十五</td><td>bāqiān qībǎi liùshí wǔ</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>9999</td><td>九千九百九十九</td><td>jiǔqiān jiǔbǎi jiǔshí jiǔ</td></tr>
| 1020 || 一千零二十 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān líng èrshí</span>
+
</table>
|-
 
| 1100 || 一千一百 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān yībǎi</span>
 
|-
 
| 1101 || 一千一百零一 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān yībǎi líng yī</span>
 
|-
 
| 1110 || 一千一百一十 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān yībǎi yīshí</span>
 
|-
 
| 1234 || 一千二百三十四 ||<span class="spaced">yīqiān èrbǎi sānshí sì</span>
 
|-
 
| 8765 || 八千七百六十五 ||<span class="spaced">bāqiān qībǎi liùshí wǔ</span>
 
|-
 
| 9999 || 九千九百九十九 ||<span class="spaced">jiǔqiān jiǔbǎi jiǔshí jiǔ</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
== Different units ==
 
== Different units ==
Line 193: Line 178:
 
万 (wàn) comes up the most often and is the largest stumbling block for most people learning Mandarin numbers. In English, numbers are usually broken up into chunks of three digits. Because of 万 (wàn), it's easier to break numbers up into groups of four in Mandarin. In English, we split "twelve thousand" numerically into "12,000" (chunks of three digits). Split it the Chinese way, "1,2000," and the Chinese reading "一万两千" (one ''wan'' and two "thousand" = yī wàn liǎng qiān) becomes more logical.
 
万 (wàn) comes up the most often and is the largest stumbling block for most people learning Mandarin numbers. In English, numbers are usually broken up into chunks of three digits. Because of 万 (wàn), it's easier to break numbers up into groups of four in Mandarin. In English, we split "twelve thousand" numerically into "12,000" (chunks of three digits). Split it the Chinese way, "1,2000," and the Chinese reading "一万两千" (one ''wan'' and two "thousand" = yī wàn liǎng qiān) becomes more logical.
  
<div class="liju">
+
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered" style="font-size:120%">
 
+
<caption>Separating numbers</caption>
{| class="wikitable"
+
<tr><th>Typical split</th><th>Chinese split</th><th>Characters</th><th>Pinyin</th></tr>
|+Separating numbers
+
<tr><td>10,000</td><td>1,0000</td><td>一万</td><td>yī wàn</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>12,000</td><td>1,2000</td><td>一万二</td><td>yīwàn èr</td></tr>
! Typical split !! Chinese split !! Chinese !! Pinyin
+
<tr><td>13,200</td><td>1,3200</td><td>一万三千两百</td><td>yī wàn sānqiān liǎng bǎi</td></tr>
|-
+
<tr><td>56,700</td><td>5,6700</td><td>五万六千七百</td><td>wǔ wàn liùqiān qībǎi</td></tr>
| <span class="spaced">10,000</span>|| <span class="spaced">1,0000</span> || 一万||<span class="spaced">yī wàn</span>
+
</table>
|-
 
| 12,000 || 1,2000|| 一万二 ||<span class="spaced">yīwàn èr</span>
 
|-
 
| <span class="spaced">13,200</span>|| <span class="spaced">1,3200</span> || 一万三千两百||<span class="spaced">yī wàn sānqiān liǎng bǎi</span>
 
|-
 
| <span class="spaced">56,700</span>|| <span class="spaced">5,6700</span> || 五万六千七百||<span class="spaced">wǔ wàn liùqiān qībǎi</span>
 
|}
 
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
== Mandarin number structure ==
 
== Mandarin number structure ==
Line 220: Line 196:
 
|亿||yì||<span class="spaced">One hundred million</span>
 
|亿||yì||<span class="spaced">One hundred million</span>
 
|-
 
|-
|千万||<span class="spaced">qiān wàn</span>||<span class="spaced">Ten million</span>
+
|千万||<span class="spaced"></span>||<span class="spaced">Ten million</span>
 
|-
 
|-
|百万||<span class="spaced">bǎi wàn</span>||Million
+
|百万||<span class="spaced"></span>||Million
 
|-
 
|-
|十万||<span class="spaced">shí wàn</span>||<span class="spaced">Hundred thousand</span>
+
|十万||<span class="spaced"></span>||<span class="spaced">Hundred thousand</span>
 
|-
 
|-
|万||wàn||<span class="spaced">Ten thousand</span>
+
|万||||<span class="spaced">Ten thousand</span>
 
|-
 
|-
|千||qiān||Thousand
+
|千||||Thousand
 
|-
 
|-
|百||bǎi||Hundred
+
|百||||Hundred
 
|-
 
|-
|十||shí||Ten
+
|十||||Ten
 
|-
 
|-
|一||||One
+
|一||||One
 
|}
 
|}
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
<table class="table table-striped table-bordered" style="max-width=20em; font-size:120%">
 +
<tr><th>Characters</th><th>Pinyin</th><th>English</th></tr>
 +
<tr><td>亿</td><td>yì</td><td>Hundred million</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>千万</td><td>qiān wàn</td><td>Ten million</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>百万</td><td>bǎi wàn</td><td>Million</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>十万</td><td>shí wàn</td><td>Hundred thousand</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>万</td><td>wàn</td><td>Ten thousand</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>千</td><td>qiān</td><td>Thousand</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>百</td><td>bǎi</td><td>Hundred</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>十</td><td>shí</td><td>Ten</td></tr>
 +
<tr><td>一</td><td>yī</td><td>One</td></tr>
 +
</table>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==

Revision as of 08:31, 15 July 2015

Chinese handles numbers in a very consistent and logical way. The system does have any tricky parts, but once you've learned it, you will know how to read out any number in Chinese.

One to one hundred

Structure for the first ten

These are handled the same way as in English, nothing tricky there.

NumeralCharacterPinyin
1
2èr
3sān
4
5
6liù
7
8
9jiǔ
10shí

Structure for teens

十 + x

Eleven, twelve and the teens are handled very logically. They're formed with 十 (shí) followed by a digit 一 (yī) to 九 (jiǔ). So eleven is 十一 (shíyī), twelve is 十二 (shí'èr), thirteen is 十三 (shísān), and so on up to nineteen, which is 十九 (shíjiǔ).

NumeralCharacterPinyin
11十一shíyī
12十二shíèr
13十三shísān
14十四shísì
15十五shíwǔ
16十六shíliù
17十七shíqī
18十八shíbā
19十九shíjiǔ

Structure for tens

All the tens are also formed very logically. Twenty is 二十 (èrshí), thirty is 三十 (sānshí), and so on. Units in the tens are simply added on the end. So twenty one is 二十一 (èrshíyī), thirty four is 三十四 (sānshísì), and ninety-nine is 九十九 (jiǔshíjiǔ). All very logical and consistent.

x + 十

x + 十 + y

Examples

NumeralCharacterPinyin
20二十èrshí
23二十三èrshísān
30三十sānshí
39三十九sānshíjiǔ
40四十sìshí
44四十四sìshísì
50五十wǔshí
73七十三qīshísān
82八十二bāshíèr
97九十七jiǔshíqī

And one hundred is simply 一百 (yībǎi), as in English. So you now know how to count to one hundred in Chinese.

After one hundred

Structure

Note: when there's a "0" in the middle of a number, you read it as 零 (líng), and don't put a number after it.

x + 百 + 零 + y

Examples

NumeralCharacterPinyin
101一百零一yībǎi líng yī
202二百零二èrbǎi líng èr
206二百零六èrbǎi líng liù
305三百零五sānbǎi líng wǔ
407四百零七sìbǎi líng qī
504五百零四wǔbǎi líng sì
602六百零二liùbǎi líng èr
701七百零一qībǎi líng yī
803八百零三bābǎi líng sān
909九百零九jiǔbǎi líng jiǔ

For numbers 110 and greater

x + 百 + y + 十 + z

For numbers greater than 100, if the number ends in zero (110, 230, 370, 450, etc.), a number like 150 can be read as 一百五十 (yībǎi wǔshí), but is often read as 一百五 (yībǎi wǔ). In fact, reading it as 一百五 (yībǎi wǔ) always means 150, never 105. As described above, 105 would be read as 一百零五 (yībǎi língwǔ).

One more tricky thing is that for numbers after 100, and when the last two digits are a number in the teens (110-119, 210-219, etc.), the number is read slightly differently. For example, with the number 115, it is read as 一百一十五 (yībǎi yīshíwǔ) and almost never as 一百十五 (yībǎi shíwǔ).

  • 115
  • yībǎi shíwǔ
  • yībǎi yīshíwǔ
  • 310
  • sānbǎi shí
  • sānbǎi yīshí

Also, sometimes the number 200, or "二百", is pronounced "èrbǎi," and sometimes it is pronounced "liǎngbǎi." Both are OK.

Examples

NumeralCharacterPinyin
110一百十yībǎi yīshí
111一百一十一yībǎi yīshí yī
210二百一十èrbǎi yīshí
350三百五十sānbǎi wǔshí
480四百八sìbǎi bāshí
550五百五十wǔbǎi wǔshí
635六百三十五liùbǎi sānshí wǔ
777七百七十七qībǎi qīshí qī
832八百三十二bābǎi sānshí èr
999九百九十九jiǔbǎi jiǔshí jiǔ

After one thousand

千 (qiān) means "thousand" in Chinese. The rules are similar with ”hundred." Just note that no matter how many zeros between the number, you just say 零 (líng) once.

Examples

NumeralCharacterPinyin
1001一千零一yīqiān líng yī
1010一千零一十yīqiān líng yīshí
1019一千零一十九yīqiān líng yīshí jiǔ
1020一千零二十yīqiān líng èrshí
1100一千一百yīqiān yībǎi
1101一千一百零一yīqiān yībǎi líng yī
1234一千二百三十四yīqiān èrbǎi sānshí sì
2345两千三百四十五liǎngqiān sānbǎi sìshí wǔ
8765八千七百六十五bāqiān qībǎi liùshí wǔ
9999九千九百九十九jiǔqiān jiǔbǎi jiǔshí jiǔ

Different units

Mandarin has two units that English doesn't have (or at least, it has unique words for these units whilst English describes them with combinations of other units). These are:

  • 万 - wàn - ten thousand
  • 亿 - yì - hundred million

万 (wàn) comes up the most often and is the largest stumbling block for most people learning Mandarin numbers. In English, numbers are usually broken up into chunks of three digits. Because of 万 (wàn), it's easier to break numbers up into groups of four in Mandarin. In English, we split "twelve thousand" numerically into "12,000" (chunks of three digits). Split it the Chinese way, "1,2000," and the Chinese reading "一万两千" (one wan and two "thousand" = yī wàn liǎng qiān) becomes more logical.

Separating numbers
Typical splitChinese splitCharactersPinyin
10,0001,0000一万yī wàn
12,0001,2000一万二yīwàn èr
13,2001,3200一万三千两百yī wàn sānqiān liǎng bǎi
56,7005,6700五万六千七百wǔ wàn liùqiān qībǎi

Mandarin number structure

Chinese Pinyin English
亿 One hundred million
千万 Ten million
百万 Million
十万 Hundred thousand
Ten thousand
Thousand
Hundred
Ten
One
CharactersPinyinEnglish
亿Hundred million
千万qiān wànTen million
百万bǎi wànMillion
十万shí wànHundred thousand
wànTen thousand
qiānThousand
bǎiHundred
shíTen
One

See also

Sources and further reading

Websites

Books