Difference between revisions of "Using "dui" with verbs"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
When using 对 (duì) as a preposition, it is used to indicate "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, some care should be taken when using this particle, as usage of 对 doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
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When using 对 (duì) as a [[preposition]], it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
  
== Basic Structure ==
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== Basic Usage ==
  
The structure is basically:
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=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb  
对 + <strong>Object</strong> + Verb Phrase
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here.  Certain verbs are often used with 对, and some even '''''need''''' 对 if you want to add an object (like 感兴趣, explained below).
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Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.
 
 
== Examples ==
 
  
Here are some examples:
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=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑。<span class="pinyin"><em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào.</span><span class="trans">He laughs at me.</span>
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*宝宝 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑 了 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào le.</span><span class="trans">The baby smiled at me.</span>
*我 要 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 负责。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> fùzé.</span><span class="trans">I am going to be responsible for you.</span>
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*小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎogǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span>
*<em>对</em> <strong></strong> 很 客气。<span class="pinyin"><em>duì</em> <strong></strong> hěn kèqì.</span><span class="trans">She was very polite to me.</span>
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*你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>父母</strong> 说话 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng <em>duì</em> <strong>fùmǔ</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.</span>
*你 为什么 <em>对</em> <strong></strong> 有 意见 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ wèishéme <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> yǒu yìjiàn?</span><span class="trans">Why do you dislike me?</span>
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*他 总是 <em>对</em> <strong>老师</strong> 撒谎 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zǒngshì <em>duì</em> <strong>lǎoshī</strong> sāhuǎng.</span><span class="trans">He always lies to his teachers.</span>
*我 <em>对</em> <strong>西安</strong> 不 熟悉。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>duì</em> <strong>Xī'ān</strong> bù shúxī.</span><span class="trans">I am not familiar with Xi'an.</span>
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*不要 <em>对</em> <strong>孩子</strong> 发脾气 。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>duì</em> <strong>háizi</strong> fā píqi.</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the child.</span>
*抽烟 <em>对</em> <strong>健康</strong> 有害。<span class="pinyin">Chōuyān <em>duì</em> <strong>jiànkāng</strong> yǒuhài.</span><span class="trans">Smoking is bad for your health.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
对 is also used in such structures as:  对……来说 ("for... [a person]") ,对...感兴趣 ("to be interested in...") as well as 对···的印象(”the impression on the object“)
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== Colloquial Expression 对……来说 ==
 
 
== 对……来说 ==
 
  
This essentially means "for... (a person)." It's for making a statement from a certain person's point of view.
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In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:
 
 
The pattern is:
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
+
对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯
对 + <strong>Person</strong> + 来说
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="liju">
+
While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of [[Phrases using "laishuo"|phrases using "laishuo."]]
 
 
* 川菜 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 来说  太 辣 了。<span class="pinyin">Chuāncài <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> lái shuō tài là le.</span><span class="trans">To me, Szechuan food is too spicy.</span>
 
* <em>对</em> <strong>她</strong> 来说 英语 很 容易。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>tā</strong> lái shuō Yīngyǔ hěn róngyì.</span><span class="trans">She thinks English is easy.</span>
 
* <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 来说 书法 很 有意思。<span class="pinyin"><em>Duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> lái shuō shūfǎ hěn yǒu yìsi.</span><span class="trans">I think calligraphy is very interesting.</span>
 
  
</div>
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== Usage with Specific Verbs ==
  
== 对……感兴趣 ==
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Certain verbs, especially [[psychological verb]]s, are often used with 对, which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, 对 means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.
  
In English we say "to be interested '''in''' something."  In Chinese, the pattern is:
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=== Structures ===
  
<div class="jiegou">
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* 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù)  to have an interest in...
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* 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù)  to feel interested in...
 +
* 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé)  to be responsible for...
 +
* 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì)  to feel satisfied with...
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* 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
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* 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...
  
对 + <strong>Object</strong> + 感兴趣
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=== Examples ===
  
</div>
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Some example sentences:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <em>对</em> <strong>书法</strong> 感 兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>duì</em> <strong>shūfǎ</strong> gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">I am interested in calligraphy.</span>
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*我 儿子 <em>对</em> 学 外语 很 <strong>感 兴趣</strong> <span class="pinyin">Wǒ érzi <em>duì</em> xué wàiyǔ hěn <strong>gǎn xìngqù</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.</span>
* <em>对</em> <strong>英语</strong> 很 感兴趣?<span class="pinyin">Shuí <em>duì</em> <strong>Yīngyǔ</strong> hěn gǎn xìngqù?</span><span class="trans">Who is interested in English?</span>
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*你 应该 <em>对</em> 自己 的 工作 <strong>负责</strong> <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi <em>duì</em> zìjǐ de gōngzuò <strong>fùzé</strong> .</span><span class="trans">You should be responsible for your job.</span>
* 你 好像 <em>对</em> <strong></strong> 不太 感兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng <em>duì</em> <strong></strong> bù tài gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">You don't seem very interested in her.</span>
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*老板 <em>对</em> 你 不 太 <strong>满意</strong> <span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>duì</em> nǐ bù tài <strong>mǎnyì</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The boss is not very satisfied with you.</span>
 
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*观众 <em>对</em> 比赛 结果 非常 <strong>失望</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Guānzhòng <em>duì</em> bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng <strong>shīwàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.</span>
</div>
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*我 的 小 女儿 <em>对</em> 所有 动物 都 很 <strong>好奇</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér <em>duì</em> suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn <strong>hàoqí</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My younger daughter is curious about all animals.</span>
 
 
== 对······的印象 ==
 
 
 
This basically means "the impression on what you saw or what you know."
 
 
 
The pattern is:
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
 
对 + Object + 的印象
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="liju">
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== See also ==
 
 
* 你来上海半年了,<em>对</em> <strong>这个城市</strong> 的印象怎么?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ lái Shànghǎi bànnián le, <em>duì</em> <strong>zhè ge chéngshì</strong> de yìnxiàng zěnme?</span><span class="trans">You've been in Shanghai for six months.What's your impression on this city?</span>
 
* 你们<em>对</em><strong>大多数美国人</strong>的印象怎么样?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>duì</em> <strong>dà duōshù Měiguó rén</strong> de yìnxiàng zěnme yàng?</span><span class="trans">What's your impression on the majority of Americans?</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
  
==See also==
 
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
 
*[[Using "gen"]]
 
*[[Using "gen"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (p. 153) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|76}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (p. 151) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|153}}
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 84, 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|151}}
* [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 198) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|84, 88}}
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 313) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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{{Source|Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)|198}}
*[[卓越汉语-公司实战篇]] (pp. 11-2, 134) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|313}}
 +
{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|11-2, 134}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
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{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
{{Similar|Using "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}}
{{Similar|Using "xiang"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
{{Similar|Saying "ever since" with "yilai"}}
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{{Similar|Verbs followed by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
{{Similar|Expressing "with" with "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Comparing "dui" and "duiyu"}}
{{Similar|Verbs with "gei"}}
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{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|对 + Noun⋯⋯|你 应该 <em>对</em> 我 礼貌 一点。|grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
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{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb | 宝宝 <em>对</em> 我 笑 了。|grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}

Latest revision as of 08:53, 21 April 2021

When using 对 (duì) as a preposition, it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.

Basic Usage

Structure

Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb

Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.

Examples

  • 宝宝 笑 了 。Bǎobao duì xiào le.The baby smiled at me.
  • 小狗 在 叫 。Xiǎogǒu zài duì jiào.The dog is barking at you.
  • 你 不 应该 这样 父母 说话 。Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng duì fùmǔ shuōhuà.You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.
  • 他 总是 老师 撒谎 。Tā zǒngshì duì lǎoshī sāhuǎng.He always lies to his teachers.
  • 不要 孩子 发脾气 。Bùyào duì háizi fā píqi.Don't lose your temper with the child.

Colloquial Expression 对……来说

In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:

对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯

While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of phrases using "laishuo."

Usage with Specific Verbs

Certain verbs, especially psychological verbs, are often used with 对, which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, 对 means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.

Structures

  • 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù) to have an interest in...
  • 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù) to feel interested in...
  • 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé) to be responsible for...
  • 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì) to feel satisfied with...
  • 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
  • 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...

Examples

Some example sentences:

  • 我 儿子 学 外语 很 感 兴趣Wǒ érzi duì xué wàiyǔ hěn gǎn xìngqù.My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.
  • 你 应该 自己 的 工作 负责Nǐ yīnggāi duì zìjǐ de gōngzuò fùzé .You should be responsible for your job.
  • 老板 你 不 太 满意Lǎobǎn duì nǐ bù tài mǎnyì.The boss is not very satisfied with you.
  • 观众 比赛 结果 非常 失望Guānzhòng duì bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng shīwàng.The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.
  • 我 的 小 女儿 所有 动物 都 很 好奇Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér duì suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn hàoqí.My younger daughter is curious about all animals.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books