Difference between revisions of "Using "dui" with verbs"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
  
When using 对 (duì) as a preposition, it is used to indicate "to" or "towards" an Obj. or target. As with all prepositions, some care should be taken when using this particle, as usage of 对 doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
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When using 对 (duì) as a [[preposition]], it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.
  
== Basic usage ==
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== Basic Usage ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb  
对 + <strong>Obj.</strong> + Verb Phrase
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here.  Certain verbs are often used with 对, and some even '''''need''''' 对 if you want to add an Obj. (like 感兴趣, explained below).
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Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑。<span class="pinyin"><em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào.</span><span class="trans">He laughs at me.</span>
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*宝宝 <em>对</em> <strong>我</strong> 笑 了 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒ</strong> xiào le.</span><span class="trans">The baby smiled at me.</span>
*小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎo gǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span>
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*小狗 在 <em>对</em> <strong>你</strong> 叫 。<span class="pinyin">Xiǎogǒu zài <em>duì</em> <strong>nǐ</strong> jiào.</span><span class="trans">The dog is barking at you.</span>
*你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>我们</strong> 说话。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyang <em>duì</em> <strong>wǒmen</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to us this way.</span>
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*你 不 应该 这样 <em>对</em> <strong>父母</strong> 说话 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng <em>duì</em> <strong>fùmǔ</strong> shuōhuà.</span><span class="trans">You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.</span>
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*他 总是 <em>对</em> <strong>老师</strong> 撒谎 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zǒngshì <em>duì</em> <strong>lǎoshī</strong> sāhuǎng.</span><span class="trans">He always lies to his teachers.</span>
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*不要 <em>对</em> <strong>孩子</strong> 发脾气 。<span class="pinyin">Bùyào <em>duì</em> <strong>háizi</strong> fā píqi.</span><span class="trans">Don't lose your temper with the child.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
对 is also used in such structures as:  对...感兴趣 ("to be interested in...") as well as 对···负责(”be responsible for things / person“)
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== Colloquial Expression 对……来说 ==
 
 
== 对⋯⋯感兴趣 ==
 
 
 
=== Structure ===
 
  
In English we say "to be interested '''in''' something.In Chinese, the pattern is:
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In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯
对 + <strong>Obj.</strong> + 感兴趣
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples ===
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While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of [[Phrases using "laishuo"|phrases using "laishuo."]]
  
<div class="liju">
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== Usage with Specific Verbs ==
  
* 我 <em></em> <strong>书法</strong> 感 兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>duì</em> <strong>shūfǎ</strong> gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">I am interested in calligraphy.</span>
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Certain verbs, especially [[psychological verb]]s, are often used with , which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.
* 谁 <em></em> <strong>英语</strong> 很 感兴趣?<span class="pinyin">Shuí <em>duì</em> <strong>Yīngyǔ</strong> hěn gǎn xìngqù?</span><span class="trans">Who is interested in English?</span>
 
* 你 好像 <em>对</em> <strong>她</strong> 不太 感兴趣。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ hǎoxiàng <em>duì</em> <strong>tā</strong> bù tài gǎn xìngqù.</span><span class="trans">You don't seem very interested in her.</span>
 
  
</div>
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=== Structures ===
  
== 对⋯⋯负责 ==
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* 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù)  to have an interest in...
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* 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù)  to feel interested in...
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* 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé)  to be responsible for...
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* 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì)  to feel satisfied with...
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* 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
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* 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...
  
=== Structure ===
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=== Examples ===
  
<div class="jiegou">
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Some example sentences:
 
 
对 + <strong>things / pereson</strong> + 过敏
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*你 应该 <em>对</em> <strong>这 件 事</strong> 负责。<span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi <em>duì</em> <strong>zhè jiàn shì</strong> fùzé.</span><span class="trans">You should be responsible for this matter.</span>
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*我 儿子 <em>对</em> 学 外语 很 <strong>感 兴趣</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ érzi <em>duì</em> xué wàiyǔ hěn <strong>gǎn xìngqù</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.</span>
*<em>对</em> <strong>家庭</strong> 负责。<span class="pinyin">Tā bù xiǎng <em>duì</em><strong> tā de jiātíng </strong> fùzé.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't want to be responsible for his family.</span>
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*你 应该 <em>对</em> 自己 的 工作 <strong>负责</strong> <span class="pinyin">Nǐ yīnggāi <em>duì</em> zìjǐ de gōngzuò <strong>fùzé</strong> .</span><span class="trans">You should be responsible for your job.</span>
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*老板 <em>对</em> 你 太 <strong>满意</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>duì</em> nǐ bù tài <strong>mǎnyì</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The boss is not very satisfied with you.</span>
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*观众 <em>对</em> 比赛 结果 非常 <strong>失望</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Guānzhòng <em>duì</em> bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng <strong>shīwàng</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.</span>
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*我 小 女儿 <em>对</em> 所有 动物 都 很 <strong>好奇</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér <em>duì</em> suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn <strong>hàoqí</strong>.</span><span class="trans">My younger daughter is curious about all animals.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
 +
 
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
 
*[[Using "xiang"]]
 
*[[Using "gen"]]
 
*[[Using "gen"]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (p. 153) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|76}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1]] (p. 151) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276792/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276792 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|153}}
* [[Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide]] (pp. 84, 88) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 1|151}}
* [[Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)]] (pp. 198) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7301075294/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7301075294 →buy]
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{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|84, 88}}
* [[Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)]] (pp. 313) [http://www.amazon.cn/gp/product/B004WA6JSQ/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B004WA6JSQ →buy]
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{{Source|Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 1 (博雅汉语初经起步篇)|198}}
*[[卓越汉语-公司实战篇]] (pp. 11-2, 134) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E5%8D%93%E8%B6%8A%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD-%E5%85%AC%E5%8F%B8%E5%AE%9E%E6%88%98%E7%AF%87-%E8%83%A1%E7%81%B5%E5%9D%87/dp/B003QZWQ6M/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1347863170&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)|313}}
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{{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|11-2, 134}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
 
[[Category:Prepositions]]
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{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
 
{{Similar|"For…" with "eryan"}}
{{Similar|Using "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}}
{{Similar|Using "xiang"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
{{Similar|Saying "ever since" with "yilai"}}
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{{Similar|Verbs followed by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
 
{{Similar|Comparing "gen" and "dui"}}
{{Similar|Expressing "with" with "gen"}}
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{{Similar|Comparing "dui" and "duiyu"}}
{{Similar|Verbs with "gei"}}
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{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Similar|Giving perspective with "yaowoshuo"}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
 
{{Translation|towards}}
{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|对 + Noun⋯⋯| <em>对</em> |grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
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{{Basic Grammar|对|B1|Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb | 宝宝 <em>对</em> 我 笑 了。|grammar point|ASG8ICO9}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}
 
{{POS|Prepositions}}

Latest revision as of 08:53, 21 April 2021

When using 对 (duì) as a preposition, it means "to" or "towards" an object or target. As with all prepositions, you've got to watch out when using this word, as usage of 对 in Chinese doesn't always totally "make sense" or correspond to English at all.

Basic Usage

Structure

Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb

Note that you shouldn't be plugging in just any old verb here; the ones that work with 对 are limited.

Examples

  • 宝宝 笑 了 。Bǎobao duì xiào le.The baby smiled at me.
  • 小狗 在 叫 。Xiǎogǒu zài duì jiào.The dog is barking at you.
  • 你 不 应该 这样 父母 说话 。Nǐ bù yīnggāi zhèyàng duì fùmǔ shuōhuà.You shouldn't talk to your parents this way.
  • 他 总是 老师 撒谎 。Tā zǒngshì duì lǎoshī sāhuǎng.He always lies to his teachers.
  • 不要 孩子 发脾气 。Bùyào duì háizi fā píqi.Don't lose your temper with the child.

Colloquial Expression 对……来说

In English we often start sentences with "to someone" or "for someone" when sharing that person's perspective. In Chinese, the pattern is:

对 + Person + 来说 ,⋯⋯

While this pattern was too common to omit from this page, it's covered in more depth as part of phrases using "laishuo."

Usage with Specific Verbs

Certain verbs, especially psychological verbs, are often used with 对, which means 对 is needed if you want to add an object into the structure. I good example is 对……感兴趣 ("to be interested in..."). In this case, 对 means "in," "on," "about," etc., and the object doesn't have to be a person. The short list below will give a few more verbs frequently paired with 对.

Structures

  • 对⋯⋯有兴趣 (yǒu xìngqù) to have an interest in...
  • 对⋯⋯感兴趣 (gǎn xìngqù) to feel interested in...
  • 对⋯⋯负责 (fùzé) to be responsible for...
  • 对⋯⋯满意 (mǎnyì) to feel satisfied with...
  • 对⋯⋯失望 (shīwàng) to be disappointed in/with...
  • 对⋯⋯好奇 (hàoqí) to be curious about...

Examples

Some example sentences:

  • 我 儿子 学 外语 很 感 兴趣Wǒ érzi duì xué wàiyǔ hěn gǎn xìngqù.My son is very interested in learning foreign languages.
  • 你 应该 自己 的 工作 负责Nǐ yīnggāi duì zìjǐ de gōngzuò fùzé .You should be responsible for your job.
  • 老板 你 不 太 满意Lǎobǎn duì nǐ bù tài mǎnyì.The boss is not very satisfied with you.
  • 观众 比赛 结果 非常 失望Guānzhòng duì bǐsài jiéguǒ fēicháng shīwàng.The audience is very disappointed with the result of the game.
  • 我 的 小 女儿 所有 动物 都 很 好奇Wǒ de xiǎo nǚ'ér duì suǒyǒu dòngwù dōu hěn hàoqí.My younger daughter is curious about all animals.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books