Difference between revisions of "Verbs followed by "gei""

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Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; [[Verbs preceded by "gei"|it sometimes comes before the verb]] and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.
  
“给”可以出现在动词后面时,通常跟这个动词结合比较紧密。有的人认为这个“给”是介词,用于指示前面动作的对象,有的人认为这个“给”是动词,跟前面的动词构成连动结构。不管怎么理解,有两点可以肯定:1.能跟“给”这样并肩出现的动词有限,大部分都是单音节动词。2.这样的结构都可以变换成“把”字句结构。
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== Basic Pattern ==
  
== Structure ==
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=== Structure ===
 +
 
 +
Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.
 +
</div>
  
Subject + Verb 给 + somebody + Object
+
or
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Examples ==
+
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花。
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*昨天 有 人 <em>送 给</em> 我 一 束 花 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān  yǒu rén <em>sòng gěi</em> wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans">Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span>
* 这 个 老板 <em>卖给</em> 了 我 一 条 死 鱼。
+
*<em>递 给</em> 我 一 盒 纸巾 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <em>dì gěi</em> wǒ yī hé zhǐjīn.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me a box of tissues.</span>
* 我 要 <em>还给</em> 你 三 十 块 钱。
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*这是 我们 <em>送 给</em> 你的 生日 礼物 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè shì wǒmen <em>sòng gěi</em> nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù.</span><span class="trans">This is your birthday present from us.</span>
* 房东 <em>租给</em> 我 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子。
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*这 本 书 是 谁 <em>借 给</em> 你 的 ?<span class="pinyin">Zhè běn shū shì shéi <em>jiè gěi</em> nǐ de?</span><span class="trans">Who lent you this book?</span>
* 我 <em>借给</em> 了 他 一 本 书。
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*邮件 我 已经 <em>发 给</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Yóujiàn wǒ yǐjīng <em>fā gěi</em> nǐ le.</span><span class="trans">I sent you that email already.</span>
* 我 要 糖,他 <em>递给</em> 了 我 一 瓶 盐。
 
* 姐姐 <em>分给</em> 了 我 一块 蛋糕。
 
* 老师 <em>传授给</em> 了 学生 很多 经验。
 
* 我们 <em>献给</em> 了 老师 一 首 歌。
 
* 这些 校友 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校 二 十 万。
 
* 主人 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗 一 块 肉。
 
* 一 个 小孩 <em>交给</em> 了 我 一 封 信。
 
 
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
这个结构都可以用于“把”字句:
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== Advanced Pattern ==
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
=== Structure ===
  
Subject + + Object + Verb给 + somebody
+
Additionally, you can [[Using "ba" sentences|add ]] into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <strong>把</strong> 一 束 花 <em>送给</em> 了 我。
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*你 想 <strong>把</strong> 这个 礼物 <em>送 给</em> 谁 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng <strong></strong> zhège lǐwù <em>sòng gěi</em> shéi?</span><span class="trans">Who are you going to give this present to?</span>
* 这 个 老板 <strong></strong> 一 条 死鱼 <em>卖给</em> 了 我。
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*<strong>把</strong> 那些 照片 都 <em>发 给</em> 我 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong></strong> nàxiē zhàopiàn dōu <em>fā gěi</em> wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Please send all of those pictures to me.</span>
* 房东 <strong>把</strong> 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子 <em>租给</em> 了 我。
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*我 已经 <strong>把</strong> <em>卖 给</em> 了 一 个 朋友 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng <strong></strong> chē <em>mài gěi</em> le yī gè péngyou.</span><span class="trans">I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.</span>
* 我 <strong></strong> 一 本 书 <em>借给</em> 了 他。
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*<strong>把</strong> <em>递 给</em> 我 ,谢谢 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong></strong> yán <em>dì gěi</em> wǒ, xièxie.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me the salt. Thanks.</span>
* 我 要 糖,他 <strong>把</strong> 一 瓶 盐 <em>递给</em> 了 我。
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*可以 <strong>把</strong> 这 本 书 <em>借 给</em> 我 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Kěyǐ <strong></strong> zhè běn shū <em>jiè gěi</em> wǒ ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you please lend me this book?</span>
* 姐姐 <strong></strong> 一 块 蛋糕 <em>分给</em> 了 我。
+
 
* 老师 <strong>把</strong> 很 多 经验 <em>传授给</em> 了 学生。
 
* 我们 <strong></strong> 一 首 歌 <em>献给</em> 了 老师。
 
* 这 些 校友 <strong>把</strong> 二 十 万 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校。
 
* 主人 <strong></strong> 一 块 肉 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗。
 
* 一 个 小孩 <strong>把</strong> 一 封 信 <em>交给</em> 了 我。
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
有一个动词比较特殊,它在跟“给”用在一起时,不能按照上面的结构直接变换成“把”字句,就是“嫁”。所以我们只可以说:
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Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
+
*她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> She married a rich old man. </span>
* 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 老头。
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
如果需要转换成“把”字句,需要引进一个施动者,比如:
+
If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 +
*她 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> Her father married her off to a rich old man. </span>
 +
</div>
  
* 她 的 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 的 老头。
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== Academic Debate ==
  
</div>
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Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after.  Why have it both ways?  There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]], a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of [[complement]].  This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.
  
==See also==
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== See also ==
  
*[[Verbs with "gei"]]
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*[[Expressing "for" with "gei"]]
*[["for" with "gei"]]
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*[[Verbs preceded by "gei"]]
 +
*[[Advanced uses of "ba"]]
 +
*[[Expressing "for" with "wei"]]
 
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]]
 
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]]
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
*[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (p. 196)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|196}}
  
 
=== Dictionaries ===
 
=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (p. 464) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
 
 
  
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{{Source|现代汉语词典(第5版)|464}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subject + + Object + Verb给 + somebody|他 <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
{{Similar|"All Along" with "yuanlai"}}   
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{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + Verb + + Recipient + Obj.|他 <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花 。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}}
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{{Rel char|把}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
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{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}} 
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{{Similar|Using "dui" with verbs}}   
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{{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
{{POS|Prepositions}}
 
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 +
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|give}}
 
{{Translation|give}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb before the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.

Basic Pattern

Structure

Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.

Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.

or

Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient

Examples

  • 昨天 有 人 送 给 我 一 束 花 。Zuótiān yǒu rén sòng gěi wǒ yī shù huā.Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.
  • 递 给 我 一 盒 纸巾 。Qǐng dì gěi wǒ yī hé zhǐjīn.Please pass me a box of tissues.
  • 这是 我们 送 给 你的 生日 礼物 。Zhè shì wǒmen sòng gěi nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù.This is your birthday present from us.
  • 这 本 书 是 谁 借 给 你 的 ?Zhè běn shū shì shéi jiè gěi nǐ de?Who lent you this book?
  • 邮件 我 已经 发 给 你 了 。Yóujiàn wǒ yǐjīng fā gěi nǐ le.I sent you that email already.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

Additionally, you can add 把 into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.

Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient

Examples

  • 你 想 这个 礼物 送 给 谁 ?Nǐ xiǎng zhège lǐwù sòng gěi shéi?Who are you going to give this present to?
  • 那些 照片 都 发 给 我 。Qǐng nàxiē zhàopiàn dōu fā gěi wǒ.Please send all of those pictures to me.
  • 我 已经 卖 给 了 一 个 朋友 。Wǒ yǐjīng chē mài gěi le yī gè péngyou.I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.
  • 递 给 我 ,谢谢 。Qǐng yán dì gěi wǒ, xièxie.Please pass me the salt. Thanks.
  • 可以 这 本 书 借 给 我 吗 ?Kěyǐ zhè běn shū jiè gěi wǒ ma?Could you please lend me this book?

Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.

  • 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。jià gěi le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu. She married a rich old man.

If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way:

  • 她 爸爸 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。Tā bàba jià gěi le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu. Her father married her off to a rich old man.

Academic Debate

Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a preposition, a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of complement. This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries