Difference between revisions of "Verbs followed by "gei""

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{{Grammar Box}}
 
{{Grammar Box}}
  
Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb, and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.
+
Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb ''before'' the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. [[给]] (gěi) is one of those exceptions; [[Verbs preceded by "gei"|it sometimes comes before the verb]] and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.
  
 
== Basic Pattern ==
 
== Basic Pattern ==
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Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.
 
Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.
 +
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.
 +
</div>
  
Subj. + Verb + 给 + [Recipient] + Obj.
+
or
  
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花。<span class="pinyin"><em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans"> He gave me a bouquet of flowers. </span>
+
*昨天 有 人 <em>送 给</em> 我 一 束 花 。<span class="pinyin">Zuótiān  yǒu rén <em>sòng gěi</em> wǒ yī shù huā.</span><span class="trans">Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.</span>
* 这 个 老板 <em>卖给</em> 我 一 条 死 鱼。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <em>mài gěi</em> le yītiáo sǐ yú.</span><span class="trans"> This boss sold me a dead fish. </span>
+
*<em>递 给</em> 我 一 盒 纸巾 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <em>gěi</em> wǒ yī hé zhǐjīn.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me a box of tissues.</span>
* 我 要 <em>还给</em> 你 三 十 块 钱。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào <em>huán gěi</em> nǐ sānshí kuài qián.</span><span class="trans"> I need to return 30rmb to you. </span>
+
*这是 我们 <em>送 给</em> 你的 生日 礼物 。<span class="pinyin">Zhè shì wǒmen <em>sòng gěi</em> nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù.</span><span class="trans">This is your birthday present from us.</span>
* 房东 <em>租给</em> 了 我 一 个 很 便宜 房子。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <em>gěi</em> le wǒ yīgè hěn piányi de fángzi.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me. </span>
+
*这 本 书 是 谁 <em>借 给</em> <span class="pinyin">Zhè běn shū shì shéi <em>jiè gěi</em> de?</span><span class="trans">Who lent you this book?</span>
* 我 <em>借给</em> 了 他 一 本 书。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>jiè gěi</em> le tā yī běn shū.</span><span class="trans"> I lent him a book. </span>
+
*邮件 已经 <em>发 给</em> <span class="pinyin">Yóujiàn wǒ yǐjīng <em>gěi</em> le.</span><span class="trans">I sent you that email already.</span>
* 我 要 糖,他 <em>递给</em> 了 我 一 瓶 盐。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <em>gěi</em> le wǒ yī píng yán.</span><span class="trans"> I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt. </span>
 
* 姐姐 <em>分给</em> 了 我 一块 蛋糕。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ yīkuài dàngāo.</span><span class="trans"> Older sister gave me a piece of cake. </span>
 
* 老师 <em>传授给</em> 了 学生 很多 经验。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <em>chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng hěn duō jīngyàn.</span><span class="trans"> The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us. </span>
 
* 我们 <em>献给</em> 了 老师 一 首 歌。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī yī shǒu gē.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher. </span>
 
* 这些 校友 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校 二 十 万。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào èrshí wàn.</span><span class="trans">These alumni donated two hundred thousand to the school. </span>
 
* 主人 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗 一 块 肉。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu yīkuài ròu.</span><span class="trans"> The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat. </span>
 
* 一 个 小孩 <em>交给</em> 了 我 一 封 信。<span class="pinyin">Yīgè xiǎohái <em>jiāo gěi</em> le wǒ yī fēng xìn.</span><span class="trans"> A child gave me a letter. </span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
== Pattern Using 把 ==
+
== Advanced Pattern ==
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
Additionally, you can add [[把]] into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.  
+
 
 +
Additionally, you can [[Using "ba" sentences|add 把]] into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.  
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
+
Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient
Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Somebody
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <strong>把</strong> 一 束 花 <em>送给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin"><strong>bǎ</strong> yī shù huā <em>sòng gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">He gave me a bouquet of flowers. </span>
+
*你 想 <strong>把</strong> 这个 礼物 <em>送 给</em> 谁 ?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ xiǎng <strong>bǎ</strong> zhège lǐwù <em>sòng gěi</em> shéi?</span><span class="trans">Who are you going to give this present to?</span>
* 这 个 老板 <strong>把</strong> 一 条 死鱼 <em>卖给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Zhège lǎobǎn <strong>bǎ</strong> yītiáo sǐ yú <em>mài gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">This boss sold me a dead fish. </span>
+
*<strong>把</strong> 那些 照片 都 <em>发 给</em> 我 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong>bǎ</strong> nàxiē zhàopiàn dōu <em>gěi</em> wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Please send all of those pictures to me.</span>
* 房东 <strong>把</strong> 一 个 很 便宜 的 房子 <em>租给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Fángdōng <strong>bǎ</strong> yī gè hěn piányi de fángzi <em>zū gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">The landlord rented a very cheap house to me. </span>
+
*我 已经 <strong>把</strong> <em>卖 给</em> 了 一 个 朋友 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yǐjīng <strong>bǎ</strong> chē <em>mài gěi</em> le yī gè péngyou.</span><span class="trans">I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.</span>
* 我 <strong>把</strong> <em>借给</em> 了 他。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>bǎ</strong> shū <em>jiè gěi</em> le .</span><span class="trans">I lent him a book. </span>
+
*<strong>把</strong> 盐 <em>递 给</em> 我 ,谢谢 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng <strong>bǎ</strong> yán <em>dì gěi</em> wǒ, xièxie.</span><span class="trans">Please pass me the salt. Thanks.</span>
* 我 要 糖,他 <strong>把</strong> 一 瓶 盐 <em>递给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yào táng, tā <strong>bǎ</strong> yī píng yán <em>dì gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">I wanted sugar, he handed me a bottle of salt. </span>
+
*可以 <strong>把</strong> 这 本 书 <em>给</em> 我 吗 ?<span class="pinyin">Kěyǐ <strong>bǎ</strong> zhè běn shū <em>jiè gěi</em> wǒ ma?</span><span class="trans">Could you please lend me this book?</span>
* 姐姐 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 蛋糕 <em>分给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Jiějie <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài dàngāo <em>fēn gěi</em> le wǒ.</span><span class="trans">Older sister gave me a piece of cake. </span>
+
 
* 老师 <strong>把</strong> 很 多 经验 <em> 都 传授 给</em> 了 学生。<span class="pinyin">Lǎoshī <strong>bǎ</strong> hěn duō jīngyàn <em> dōu chuánshòu gěi</em> le xuésheng.</span><span class="trans">The teacher passed on a lot of experience to us. </span>
 
* 我们 <strong>把</strong> 一 首 歌 <em>献给</em> 了 老师。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>bǎ</strong> yī shǒu gē <em>xiàn gěi</em> le lǎoshī.</span><span class="trans"> We dedicated a song to the teacher. </span>
 
* 这 些 校友 <strong>把</strong> 二 十 万 <em>捐给</em> 了 学校。<span class="pinyin">Zhèxiē xiàoyǒu <strong>bǎ</strong> èrshí wàn <em>juān gěi</em> le xuéxiào.</span><span class="trans">These alumnus donated two hundred thousand to the school. </span>
 
* 主人 <strong>把</strong> 一 块 肉 <em>赏给</em> 了 小狗。<span class="pinyin">Zhǔrén <strong>bǎ</strong> yīkuài ròu <em>shǎng gěi</em> le xiǎo gǒu.</span><span class="trans">The owner rewarded his dog with a piece of meat. </span>
 
* 一 个 小孩 <strong>把</strong> 一 封 信 <em>交给</em> 了 我。<span class="pinyin">Yī gè xiǎohái <strong>bǎ</strong> yī fēng xìn <em>jiāo gěi</em> le .</span><span class="trans">A child gave me a letter. </span>
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
 
=== Exception to the 把 Pattern: 嫁 ===
 
  
 
Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.
 
Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
+
*她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> She married a rich old man. </span>
* 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
If you really really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do this:
+
If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way:
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
 
+
*她 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁 给</em> 了 一 个 有钱 老头 。<span class="pinyin">Tā bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu.</span><span class="trans"> Her father married her off to a rich old man. </span>
* 她 爸爸 <strong>把</strong> 她 <em>嫁给</em> 了 一 个 有 钱 老头。<span class="pinyin">Tā de bàba <strong>bǎ</strong> tā <em>jià gěi</em> le yī gè yǒu qián de lǎotóu.</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==Academic Debate==
+
== Academic Debate ==
  
Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after.  Why have it both ways?  There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]] or a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of [[complement]].  This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.
+
Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after.  Why have it both ways?  There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a [[preposition]], a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of [[complement]].  This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.
  
==See also==
+
== See also ==
  
*[[Verbs with "gei"]]
+
*[[Expressing "for" with "gei"]]
*[["for" with "gei"]]
+
*[[Verbs preceded by "gei"]]
 +
*[[Advanced uses of "ba"]]
 +
*[[Expressing "for" with "wei"]]
 
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]]
 
*[[Expressing passive voice with "gei"]]
*[[Advanced uses of "ba"]]
 
  
 
== Sources and further reading ==
 
== Sources and further reading ==
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
*[[现代汉语虚词例释]] (p. 196)[http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E5%85%AB%E7%99%BE%E8%AF%8D/dp/B004323J90/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693275&sr=8-1 →buy]
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{{Source|现代汉语虚词例释|196}}
  
 
=== Dictionaries ===
 
=== Dictionaries ===
* [[现代汉语词典(第5版)]] (p. 464) [http://www.amazon.cn/%E7%8E%B0%E4%BB%A3%E6%B1%89%E8%AF%AD%E8%AF%8D%E5%85%B8/dp/B001B1RZCI/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1345693609&sr=8-1 →buy]
+
 
 +
{{Source|现代汉语词典(第5版)|464}}
  
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Somebody|他 <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}}
+
{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 +
{{Basic Grammar|给|B1|Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.|他 <em>送给</em> 我 一 束 花 。|grammar point|ASGMMHTQ}}
 
{{Rel char|把}}
 
{{Rel char|把}}
{{Similar|"All Along" with "yuanlai"}}  
+
{{Similar|Expressing "for" with "gei"}}
{{Similar|Expressing passive voice with "gei"}}
+
{{Similar|Verbs preceded by "gei"}}
 +
{{Similar|Expressing "towards" with "xiang"}} 
 +
{{Similar|Using "dui" with verbs}}  
 
{{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}}
 
{{Similar|Advanced uses of "ba"}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{Used for|Describing actions}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 +
{{Subprop|Verb phrases}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|to}}
 
{{Translation|give}}
 
{{Translation|give}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

Although it's standard practice to put a word or phrase that modifies a verb before the verb, there are, of course, exceptions. (gěi) is one of those exceptions; it sometimes comes before the verb and sometimes after. This article is about when it comes after.

Basic Pattern

Structure

Note that the verbs that fit into this pattern are normally single-syllable verbs.

Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient + Obj.

or

Obj. + Subj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient

Examples

  • 昨天 有 人 送 给 我 一 束 花 。Zuótiān yǒu rén sòng gěi wǒ yī shù huā.Yesterday someone gave me a bouquet of flowers.
  • 递 给 我 一 盒 纸巾 。Qǐng dì gěi wǒ yī hé zhǐjīn.Please pass me a box of tissues.
  • 这是 我们 送 给 你的 生日 礼物 。Zhè shì wǒmen sòng gěi nǐ de shēngrì lǐwù.This is your birthday present from us.
  • 这 本 书 是 谁 借 给 你 的 ?Zhè běn shū shì shéi jiè gěi nǐ de?Who lent you this book?
  • 邮件 我 已经 发 给 你 了 。Yóujiàn wǒ yǐjīng fā gěi nǐ le.I sent you that email already.

Advanced Pattern

Structure

Additionally, you can add 把 into this structure. This does not change the meaning of the sentence and when used in context can even add emphasis to what's being done and given.

Subj. + 把 + Obj. + Verb + 给 + Recipient

Examples

  • 你 想 这个 礼物 送 给 谁 ?Nǐ xiǎng zhège lǐwù sòng gěi shéi?Who are you going to give this present to?
  • 那些 照片 都 发 给 我 。Qǐng nàxiē zhàopiàn dōu fā gěi wǒ.Please send all of those pictures to me.
  • 我 已经 卖 给 了 一 个 朋友 。Wǒ yǐjīng chē mài gěi le yī gè péngyou.I've already sold my car to a friend of mine.
  • 递 给 我 ,谢谢 。Qǐng yán dì gěi wǒ, xièxie.Please pass me the salt. Thanks.
  • 可以 这 本 书 借 给 我 吗 ?Kěyǐ zhè běn shū jiè gěi wǒ ma?Could you please lend me this book?

Note that the verb 嫁 (jià) cannot fit into the 把 pattern above; it's an exception.

  • 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。jià gěi le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu. She married a rich old man.

If you really want to make a 把 sentence, though, you can do it in this sexist way:

  • 她 爸爸 嫁 给 了 一 个 有钱 的 老头 。Tā bàba jià gěi le yī gè yǒuqián de lǎotóu. Her father married her off to a rich old man.

Academic Debate

Although 给 phrases should normally precede a verb like any other prepositional phrase, they sometimes come after. Why have it both ways? There is some academic debate over whether this 给 is actually a preposition, a type of verb (often called a "co-verb"), or even a type of complement. This type of discussion is outside the scope of this article, however.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books

Dictionaries