Difference between revisions of "Expressing "not anymore" with "le""
m (Text replacement - "{{HSK|HSK1}}" to "{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}") |
|||
| (58 intermediate revisions by 12 users not shown) | |||
| Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
| − | In a negative sentence, the [[ | + | In a negative sentence, the [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer." The word [[已经|已经 (yǐjīng)]], which [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"|means "already,"]] may nor may not accompany it. |
| − | == Structure == | + | == 不 with Only 了 == |
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | Note that without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would <em>no longer [[Change of state with "le"|indicate a change]]</em> (which is the whole point of the word "anymore"). | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>bù</em> xiǎng chī <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't want to eat anymore.</span> | ||
| + | *你 <em>不</em> 喜欢 我 <em>了</em> 吗？<span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>bù</em> xǐhuan wǒ <em>le</em> ma?</span><span class="trans">You don't like me anymore?</span> | ||
| + | *你们 <em>不</em> 能 打 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <em>bù</em> néng dǎ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">You can't fight anymore.</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == 没有 with Only 了 == | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| − | ( | + | Again, without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would <em>no longer [[Change of state with "le"|indicate a change]]</em> (which is the whole point of the word "anymore"). |
| + | === Examples === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | |||
| + | *<em>没有</em> 纸 <em>了</em> 。<span class="expl">in other words, "we're out of paper"</span><span class="pinyin"><em>Méiyǒu</em> zhǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">There's no paper anymore.</span> | ||
| + | *手机 <em>没</em> 电 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Shǒujī <em>méi</em> diàn <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">My cell phone has run out of power.</span> | ||
| + | *他 <em>没有</em> 家 <em>了</em>。<span class="pinyin">Tā <em>méiyǒu</em> jiā <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't have a home anymore.</span> | ||
| + | |||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | == Adding 已经 for Emphasis == | ||
| + | |||
| + | Use of the word [[已经]] (yǐjīng) to mean "anymore" is optional for this pattern, but either [[不]] (bù) or [[没有]] (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The [[Change of state with "le"|sentence-final 了 (le)]] is required, though, [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"|since 已经 is used]]. | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Structure === | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 已经 + 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了 | ||
| + | </div> | ||
| + | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | 已经 + 没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了 | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == Examples == | + | === Examples === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * | + | *我 <strong>已经</strong> <em>不</em> 住 这里 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>bù</em> zhù zhèlǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">I don't live here anymore.</span> |
| − | + | *他 <strong>已经</strong> <em>不</em> 在 这儿 工作 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>bù</em> zài zhèr gōngzuò <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">He doesn't work here anymore.</span> | |
| − | * | + | *他们 <strong>已经</strong> <em>不</em> 在 一起 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>bù</em> zài yīqǐ <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">They are no longer together.</span> |
| − | + | *我们 <strong>已经</strong> <em>没有</em> 钱 <em>了</em> 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>yǐjīng</strong> <em>méiyǒu</em> qián <em>le</em>.</span><span class="trans">We all don't have money anymore.</span> | |
| − | |||
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
| − | * | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| Line 30: | Line 70: | ||
== See also == | == See also == | ||
| − | * [[Expressing "already" with "le"]] | + | * [[Expressing "already" with "yijing"]] |
| + | * [[Expressing "already" with just "le"]] | ||
| + | * [[Change of state with "le"]] | ||
* [[Uses of "le"]] | * [[Uses of "le"]] | ||
| Line 37: | Line 79: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] ( | + | * [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (p. 68) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy] |
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 126-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy] | * [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 126-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy] | ||
* [[Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]] (pp. 238-99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 →buy] | * [[Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar]] (pp. 238-99) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0520066103?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0520066103 →buy] | ||
| Line 49: | Line 91: | ||
* Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/ Chinese le grammar summary (了)] | * Chinesegrammar.info: [http://chinesegrammar.info/particles/le-grammar-summary/ Chinese le grammar summary (了)] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|了|A2| | + | {{Basic Grammar|了|A2|不 / 没(有) + Verb Phrase + 了|我 <em>不</em> 想 吃 <em>了</em> 。|grammar point|ASGFR96B}} |
[[Category: A2 grammar points]] | [[Category: A2 grammar points]] | ||
| + | {{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}} | ||
{{Used for|Referring to changes of situation}} | {{Used for|Referring to changes of situation}} | ||
{{Similar|Uses of "le"}} | {{Similar|Uses of "le"}} | ||
{{POS|Particles}} | {{POS|Particles}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:20, 20 April 2021
In a negative sentence, the sentence-final 了 (le) can take on the meaning of "(not) anymore" or "no longer." The word 已经 (yǐjīng), which means "already," may nor may not accompany it.
Contents
不 with Only 了
Structure
不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
Note that without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would no longer indicate a change (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").
Examples
- 我 不 想 吃 了 。I don't want to eat anymore.
- 你 不 喜欢 我 了 吗？You don't like me anymore?
- 你们 不 能 打 了 。You can't fight anymore.
没有 with Only 了
Structure
没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了
Again, without the 了 this pattern is still correct, but then the resulting sentence would no longer indicate a change (which is the whole point of the word "anymore").
Examples
- 没有 纸 了 。in other words, "we're out of paper"There's no paper anymore.
- 手机 没 电 了 。My cell phone has run out of power.
- 他 没有 家 了。He doesn't have a home anymore.
Adding 已经 for Emphasis
Use of the word 已经 (yǐjīng) to mean "anymore" is optional for this pattern, but either 不 (bù) or 没有 (méiyǒu) will be needed to make the verb negative. The sentence-final 了 (le) is required, though, since 已经 is used.
Structure
已经 + 不 + [Verb Phrase] + 了
已经 + 没(有) + [Noun Phrase] + 了
Examples
- 我 已经 不 住 这里 了 。I don't live here anymore.
- 他 已经 不 在 这儿 工作 了 。He doesn't work here anymore.
- 他们 已经 不 在 一起 了 。They are no longer together.
- 我们 已经 没有 钱 了 。We all don't have money anymore.
See also
- Expressing "already" with "yijing"
- Expressing "already" with just "le"
- Change of state with "le"
- Uses of "le"
Sources and further reading
Books
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (p. 68) →buy
- Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 126-9) →buy
- Mandarin Chinese: A Functional Reference Grammar (pp. 238-99) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) (pp. 217-8) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 64-5) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed) (p. 8) →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册） (p. 239)→buy
Websites
- Chinesegrammar.info: Chinese le grammar summary (了)
