Difference between revisions of "Potential complement "-bu dong" for not understanding"

Latest revision as of 08:56, 21 April 2021

Level

A2 / HSK2
Level

A2
Level

HSK2
Similar to
- Result complements (B1)
- Advanced result complements "zhu", "kai", and "chulai" (B2)
Similar to
- Result complements (HSK2, HSK3)
- Advanced result complements "zhu", "kai", and "chulai" (HSK5)
Used for

Expressing result, Comprehending
Keywords

懂, 不懂

Chinese learners often have to express that they don't understand something, especially in the beginning when they start learning. One of the ways to express that is to use the 不懂 (bù dǒng) verb complement.

Structure

Yes, 不懂 (bù dǒng) by itself simply means "not understand," and you can use it this way. But you'll find that more often, it follows a verb. When used this way, it is a complement.

The potential complement 不懂 (bù dǒng) is used to talk about things that can't be understood. Note that this is about potential: the subject doesn't have the ability to understand.

Subj. + Verb + 不懂

The 不懂 (bù dǒng) may also be swapped out with 不明白 (bù míngbai).

Examples

我看 不懂 这本书。Literally, "read-not-understand"Wǒ kàn bu dǒng zhè běn shū.I don't understand the book.
孩子们看 不懂 你写的汉字。Literally, "read-not-understand"Háizi men kàn bu dǒng nǐ xiě de Hànzì.Kids don't understand the characters that you wrote.
你看 不懂 我的邮件吗？Literally, "read-not-understand"Nǐ kàn bu dǒng wǒ de yóujiàn ma?Do you not understand my emails?
老板的中文说得很好，可是他看 不懂 中文报纸。 Literally, "read-not-understand"Lǎobǎn de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo, kěshì tā kàn bu dǒng Zhōngwén bàozhǐ.The boss speaks very good Chinese, but he doesn't understand Chinese newspapers.
我听 不懂 上海话。 Literally, "hear-not-understand"Wǒ tīng bu dǒng Shànghǎi-huà.I don't understand Shanghai dialect.
你们听 不懂 我的话吗？Literally, "hear-not-understand"Nǐmen tīng bu dǒng wǒ de huà ma?Do you not understand what I say?
我听 不懂 你说的英语。 Literally, "hear-not-understand"Wǒ tīng bu dǒng nǐ shuō de Yīngyǔ.I don't understand your English.
我们都听 不懂 你的意思。 Literally, "hear-not-understand"Wǒmen dōu tīng bu dǒng nǐ de yìsi.None of us understand what you mean.
很多人读不懂这本书。 Literally, "read-not-understand"Hěn duō rén dú bu dǒng zhè běn shū.Many people don't understand this book.
这个句子很难，学生们都读 不懂。 Literally, "read-not-understand"Zhège jùzi hěn nán, xuéshengmen dōu dú bu dǒng.This sentence is very difficult. None of the students understand.

Sources and further reading

Books

A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) (pp. 242-3, 271 - 329) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) (pp. Chapter 6: Complements) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3) (pp. 200 - 201) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2) (pp. 87-8) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 97-9) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) (pp. 186-7) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy

Websites

Wikipedia: Complement (linguistics)
Baidu Baike (Chinese): 补语
Blog entry (Chinese): 状态补语

@@ Line 3: / Line 3: @@
 Chinese learners often have to express that they don't understand something, especially in the beginning when they start learning. One of the ways to express that is to use the 不懂 (bù dǒng) verb complement.
-=== Structure ===
+== Structure ==
-The [[potential complement]] 不懂 (bù dǒng) is used to talk about things that can't be understood. Note that this is about ''potential'' - the subject doesn't have the ability to understand. The 不懂 (bù dǒng) can also be swapped out with 不明白 (bù míngbai).
+Yes, 不懂 (bù dǒng) by itself simply means "not understand," and you can use it this way. But you'll find that more often, it follows a verb. When used this way, it is a [[complement]].
+The [[potential complement]] 不懂 (bù dǒng) is used to talk about things that can't be understood. Note that this is about ''potential'': the subject doesn't have the ''ability'' to understand.
 <div class="jiegou">
-Subj. + [Perception verb] + 不懂
+Subj. +  Verb + 不懂
 </div>
-=== Examples ===
+The 不懂 (bù dǒng) may also be swapped out with 不明白 (bù míngbai).
+== Examples ==
 <div class="liju">
-* 我  <strong>听</strong> <em>不懂</em> 上海话。 <span class="expl">Literally: I hear-not-understand Shanghai dialect.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bùdǒng</em> Shànghǎi huà.</span> <span class="trans">I don't understand Shanghai dialect.</span>
+* 我 <strong>看</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 这 本 书。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> zhè běn shū.</span><span class="trans">I don't understand the book.</span>
-* 很 多 人 <strong>读</strong> <em>不懂</em> 这 本 书 。 <span class="expl">Literally: Many people read-not-understand this book.</span><span class="pinyin">Hěn duō rén <strong> dú </strong> <em>bùdǒng</em> zhè běn shū.</span> <span class="trans">Many people don't understand this book.</span>
+* 孩子们 <strong>看</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 你 写 的 汉字。<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Háizi men <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> nǐ xiě de Hànzì.</span><span class="trans">Kids don't understand the characters that you wrote.</span>
-* 我们 都 <strong>搞</strong> <em>不 懂 </em> 她 为什么 这样 做。<span class="expl">Literally: We all think-not-understand why she did this.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <strong>gǎo</strong> <em>bù dǒng</em> tā wèishénme zhèyàng zuò.</span> <span class="trans">We all don't understand why she did this.</span>
+* 你 <strong>看</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 我 的 邮件 吗？<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> wǒ de yóujiàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you not understand my emails?</span>
-* 你 <strong>看</strong> <em>不 懂 </em> 这 些 汉字 吗？<span class="expl">Literally: Do you looks-not-understand these characters?</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bù dǒng</em> zhè xiē hànzì ma?</span> <span class="trans">Do you not understand these characters?</span>
+* 老板 的 中文 说 得 很好，可是 他 <strong>看</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 中文 报纸。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn de Zhōngwén shuō de hěn hǎo, kěshì tā <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> Zhōngwén bàozhǐ.</span><span class="trans">The boss speaks very good Chinese, but he doesn't understand Chinese newspapers.</span>
-* 你 怎么 总是 <strong>听</strong> <em>不懂 </em> 我 的 话？<span class="expl">Literally:How could you always hear-not-understand what I said?</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ zěnme zǒngshì <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bùdǒng</em> wǒ de huà?</span> <span class="trans">How could you always not understand what I say?</span>
+* 我 <strong>听</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 上海话 。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "hear-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> Shànghǎi-huà.</span><span class="trans">I don't understand Shanghai dialect.</span>
-* 我 小时候，常常 <strong>听</strong> <em>不 懂 </em> 大人 在 说 什么。 <span class="expl">Literally: When I was little, I often listen-not-understand what adults were saying.</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ xiǎo shíhou, chángcháng <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bù dǒng</em>  dàrén zài shuō shénme.</span> <span class="trans">When I was young, I often didn't understand what adults talked about.</span>
+* 你们 <strong>听</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 我 的 话 吗？<span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "hear-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐmen <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> wǒ de huà ma?</span><span class="trans">Do you not understand what I say?</span>
-* 这 个 句子 很 难， 学生们 都 <strong>读</strong> <em>不 懂 </em>。 <span class="expl">Literally:This sentence is very difficult.The students all read-not-understand.</span><span class="pinyin">Zhè ge jùzi hěnnán, xuéshēngmen dōu <strong> dú </strong> <em>bù dǒng</em>.</span> <span class="trans">This sentence is very difficult. None of the students understand.</span>
+* 我 <strong>听</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 你 说 的 英语。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "hear-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> nǐ shuō de Yīngyǔ.</span><span class="trans">I don't understand your English.</span>
-* 父母 常常 <strong>搞</strong> <em>不 懂 </em> 孩子 在 想 什么。 <span class="expl">Literally: Parents often make-not-understand what their kids have been thinking.</span><span class="pinyin">Fùmǔ  chángcháng <strong>gǎo</strong> <em>bù dǒng</em> hāizi zài xiǎng shénme.</span> <span class="trans">Parents often don't understand what their kids have been thinking.</span>
+* 我们 都 <strong>听</strong> <em>不 懂</em> 你 的 意思。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "hear-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒmen dōu <strong>tīng</strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> nǐ de yìsi.</span><span class="trans">None of us understand what you mean.</span>
-* 我 真 <strong>搞</strong> <em>不 懂 </em> 你 怎么 会 跟 那 种 人 在 一起？ <span class="expl">Literally: I really make-not-understand why you would be with this kind of person?</span><span class="pinyin">Wǒ zhēn <strong>gǎo</strong> <em>bù dǒng</em> nǐ zěnme huì gēn zhè zhǒng rén zài yīqǐ?</span><span class="trans">I really can't figure out why you would be with that kind of person.</span>
+* 很 多 人 <strong>读</strong> <em>不懂</em> 这 本 书 。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Hěn duō rén <strong> dú </strong> <em>bu dǒng</em> zhè běn shū.</span><span class="trans">Many people don't understand this book.</span>
-* 老板 的 中文 说 得 很好，可是 他 <strong>看</strong> <em>不懂 </em> 中文 报纸 。 <span class="expl">Literally: The boss speaks very good Chinese but he sees-not-understand Chinese newspapers.</span><span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn de Zhōngwén shuō de hěnhǎo, kěshì tā <strong>kàn</strong> <em>bùdǒng</em> Zhōngwén bàozhǐ.</span> <span class="trans">The boss speaks very good Chinese, but he doesn't understand Chinese newspapers.</span>
+* 这 个 句子 很 难， 学生们 都 <strong>读</strong> <em>不 懂</em>。 <span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Literally, "read-not-understand"</span><span class="pinyin">Zhège jùzi hěn nán, xuéshengmen dōu <strong> dú </strong> <em>bu dǒng</em>.</span><span class="trans">This sentence is very difficult. None of the students understand.</span>
 </div>
@@ Line 39: / Line 43: @@
 === Books ===
-* [[A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) ]] (pp. 242-3, pp. 271 - 329) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA →buy]
+{{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) |242-3, 271 - 329}}
-* [[Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) ]] (Chapter 6: Complements) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B0041UGAJU&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B0041UGAJU →buy]
+{{Source|Chinese Grammar Without Tears (简明汉语语法学习手册) |Chapter 6: Complements}}
-* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)]] (pp. 200 - 201) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/756191251X/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=756191251X →buy]
+{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 3 (新实用汉语课本3)|200 - 201}}
-* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 87-8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
+{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)|87-8}}
-* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 97-9) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
+{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|97-9}}
-* [[Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼)]] (pp, 186-7) [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI →buy]
+{{Source|Practicing HSK Grammar (语法精讲精炼) |186-7}}
 === Websites ===
@@ Line 53: / Line 57: @@
 [[Category:A2 grammar points]]
+{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 [[Category:Potential complement]]
 {{Used for|Expressing result}}
 {{Used for|Comprehending}}
-{{Basic Grammar|懂|A2|Verb + 不懂|我 听不<em>懂</em>|grammar point|ASG8R2V8}}
+{{Basic Grammar|懂|A2|Verb + 不懂|我 听不<em>懂</em> 。|grammar point|ASG8R2V8}}
 {{Rel char|不懂}}
-{{Similar|Potential complement "bu xia"}}
+{{Similar|Result complement}}
-{{Similar|Positive and negative potential complements}}
+{{Similar|Potential complement}}
 {{Structure|Complements}}