Difference between revisions of "Modifying nouns with phrase + "de""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
In addition to linking adjectives to nouns, 的 (de) can also be used to link a phrase to a noun, making the already useful 的 (de) even more useful.  
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In addition to [[Modifying nouns with adjective + de|linking adjectives to nouns]], 的 (de) can also be used to link a whole phrase to a noun, making the already useful 的 (de) even more useful.  
  
== Structure ==
+
== With a Noun ==
  
As well as [[Modifying nouns with adjective + de|attaching adjectives to nouns]], 的 (de) can be used to attach whole phrases to nouns. In English this is often achieved with "who" or "that", e.g. in "The man who went to Beijing" or "The book that I bought yesterday".
+
As well as [[Modifying nouns with adjective + de|attaching adjectives to nouns]], 的 (de) can be used to attach whole phrases to nouns. In English this is often achieved with "who" or "that." For example, "the man who went to Beijing" or "the book that I bought yesterday."  
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 +
=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
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</div>
 
</div>
  
Here a phrase means ''Verb + (Object)''.
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Here the phrase is typically of the form "Noun + Verb." The pattern, by itself, doesn't make clear whether the action happened in the past, present, or future.
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="liju">
 +
 
 +
*<strong> 妈妈 做 </strong> <em>的</em> 菜 <span class="pinyin"><Strong> māma zuò </strong> <em>de</em> cài</span><span class="trans">the food that mom cooks / cooked</span>
 +
*<strong>去 北京 </strong> <em>的</em> 火车 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>qù Běijīng </strong> <em>de</em> huǒchē</span><span class="trans">the train that goes / went to Beijing</span>
 +
*<strong>你 教 </strong> <em>的</em> 学生 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>nǐ jiāo </strong> <em>de</em> xuésheng</span><span class="trans">the students that you teach / taught</span>
 +
*<strong>老板 请 </strong> <em>的</em> 朋友 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>lǎobǎn qǐng </strong> <em>de</em>  péngyou</span><span class="trans">the friends that the boss invites / invited</span>
 +
*<strong>我 画 </strong> <em>的</em>画<span class="pinyin"><Strong>wǒ huà </strong> <em>de</em> huà </span><span class="trans">the pictures that I draw / drew</span>
 +
*<strong>他 写 </strong> <em>的</em> 书 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>tā xiě </strong> <em>de</em> shū</span><span class="trans">the books that he wrote</span>
 +
*<strong>妈妈 给 我 买 </strong> <em>的</em> 衣服<span class="pinyin"><Strong>māma gěi wǒ mǎi </strong> <em>de</em> yīfu</span><span class="trans">the clothes that mom buys / bought for me</span>
 +
*<strong>客户 问 </strong> <em>的</em> 问题 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>kèhù wèn </strong> <em>de</em> wèntí </span><span class="trans">the questions that the client asks / asked</span>
 +
*<strong>穿 Prada </strong> <em>的</em> 女人<span class="pinyin"><Strong>chuān Prada </strong> <em>de</em> nǚrén</span><span class="trans">women who wear / wore Prada</span>
 +
*<strong>不 喜欢 中国菜 </strong> <em>的</em> 老外 <span class="pinyin"><Strong>bù xǐhuan  Zhōngguó cài </strong><em>de</em> lǎowài </span><span class="trans">the foreigners that don't / didn't like Chinese food</span>
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 +
</div>
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 +
== Without a Noun ==
 +
 
 +
In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun from the pattern, and just use the "Noun + (de)." This is kind of like saying "what Mom made" or "the red one" in English. In Chinese the 的 (de) serves the same purpose as the English word "what." By using this pattern, you can avoid repeating the same noun over and over again unnecessarily. Just be sure the other person is already clear about the "what" you're referring to when using this pattern!
 +
 
 +
=== Structure ===
 +
 
 +
<div class="jiegou">
 +
 
 +
Phrase + 的
 +
 
 +
</div>
 +
 
 +
=== Examples ===
  
== Examples ==
+
Note that for certain phrases, it may be ambiguous what the "what" refers to, and sometimes it could even refer to a "who."
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>去 北京</em> <strong>的</strong> 火车<span class="trans">The train that goes to Beijing.</span>
+
*<strong> 妈妈 做 </strong> <em>的</em><span class="pinyin"><strong> māma zuò </strong> <em>de</em></span><span class="trans">what mom cooks / cooked</span>
* <em>今天 来</em> <strong>的</strong> <span class="trans">The people that come today.</span>
+
*<strong>我 画 </strong> <em>的</em><span class="pinyin"><strong>wǒ huà </strong> <em>de</em> </span><span class="trans">what I draw / drew</span>
* <em>我们昨天吃</em> <strong>的</strong> <span class="trans">The food that we had yesterday.</span>
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*<strong>他 写 </strong> <em>的</em><span class="pinyin"><strong>tā xiě </strong> <em>de</em></span><span class="trans">what he writes / wrote</span>
* <em>上个星期参观</em> <strong>的</strong> 地方<span class="trans">The place we visited last week.</span>
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*<strong>你 教 </strong> <em>的</em><span class="pinyin"><strong>nǐ jiāo </strong> <em>de</em></span><span class="trans">who/what you teach / taught</span>
* <em>上午来我家</em> <strong>的</strong> 朋友<span class="trans">The friends that came to my house this afternoon.</span>
 
* <em>他们上周末去</em> <strong></strong> 公园<span class="trans">The park they went to last weekend.</span>
 
* <em>今天来上课</em> <strong>的</strong> 老师<span class="trans">The teacher that came to the class today.</span>
 
* <em>去年在上海买</em> <strong>的</strong> 衣服<span class="trans">The clothes that were bought last year in Shanghai.</span>
 
* <em>你今年夏天访问</em> <strong></strong> 城市<span class="trans">The city that you visited this summer.</span>
 
* <em>昨晚 喝 了 很 多 啤酒</em> <strong>的</strong> 那 个 人<span class="trans">That person that drank a lot of beer last night.</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar]] (pp. 76) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/1933330899/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=1933330899 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 2|84}}
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 107-8) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276709/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276709 →buy]
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{{Source|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar|76}}
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 39) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (3rd ed)|107-8}}
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)]] (p. 141)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|39}}
 +
{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)|141}}
 +
{{Source|Yufa!|37}}
  
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A2 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|的|A2|(Phrase) + 的 + N|去 北京 <em>的</em> 火车。今天 来 <em>的</em> 人。|grammar point|ASGLQKD2}}
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{{HSK|HSK2}}{{2021-HSK|HSK2}}
 +
{{Basic Grammar|的|A2|Phrase + 的 + Noun|去 北京 <em>的</em> 火车。今天 来 <em>的</em> 人。|grammar point|ASGLQKD2}}
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + de}}  
 
{{Similar|Modifying nouns with adjective + de}}  
 
{{Similar|Expressing possession}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing possession}}

Latest revision as of 08:57, 21 April 2021

In addition to linking adjectives to nouns, 的 (de) can also be used to link a whole phrase to a noun, making the already useful 的 (de) even more useful.

With a Noun

As well as attaching adjectives to nouns, 的 (de) can be used to attach whole phrases to nouns. In English this is often achieved with "who" or "that." For example, "the man who went to Beijing" or "the book that I bought yesterday."

Structure

Phrase + 的 + Noun

Here the phrase is typically of the form "Noun + Verb." The pattern, by itself, doesn't make clear whether the action happened in the past, present, or future.

Examples

  • 妈妈 做 māma zuò de càithe food that mom cooks / cooked
  • 去 北京 火车 qù Běijīng de huǒchēthe train that goes / went to Beijing
  • 你 教 学生 nǐ jiāo de xuéshengthe students that you teach / taught
  • 老板 请 朋友 lǎobǎn qǐng de péngyouthe friends that the boss invites / invited
  • 我 画 wǒ huà de huà the pictures that I draw / drew
  • 他 写 tā xiě de shūthe books that he wrote
  • 妈妈 给 我 买 衣服māma gěi wǒ mǎi de yīfuthe clothes that mom buys / bought for me
  • 客户 问 问题 kèhù wèn de wèntí the questions that the client asks / asked
  • 穿 Prada 女人chuān Prada de nǚrénwomen who wear / wore Prada
  • 不 喜欢 中国菜 老外 bù xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài de lǎowài the foreigners that don't / didn't like Chinese food

Without a Noun

In some cases, it is possible to drop the noun from the pattern, and just use the "Noun + 的 (de)." This is kind of like saying "what Mom made" or "the red one" in English. In Chinese the 的 (de) serves the same purpose as the English word "what." By using this pattern, you can avoid repeating the same noun over and over again unnecessarily. Just be sure the other person is already clear about the "what" you're referring to when using this pattern!

Structure

Phrase + 的

Examples

Note that for certain phrases, it may be ambiguous what the "what" refers to, and sometimes it could even refer to a "who."

  • 妈妈 做 māma zuò dewhat mom cooks / cooked
  • 我 画 wǒ huà de what I draw / drew
  • 他 写 tā xiě dewhat he writes / wrote
  • 你 教 nǐ jiāo dewho/what you teach / taught

See also

Sources and Further Reading

Books