Difference between revisions of "Comparing "yihou" "ranhou" "houlai""
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| + | While both 以后 (yǐhòu) and 后来 (hòulái) can mean "later," they have distinct uses. 然后 (ránhòu) means "and then." Don't let yet another 后 word confuse you! | ||
| − | + | == 然后 as "And Then" == | |
| − | + | 然后 is a conjunction, which is always used in the middle of a sequence of events. It is often used with 先 (xiān, meaning "first"). Neither 以后 nor 后来 can be used this way. | |
| − | + | <div class="liju"> | |
| − | + | *我们 <strong>先</strong> 复习 一下 ，<em>然后</em> 上 新 课 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>xiān</strong> fùxí yīxià, <em>ránhòu</em> shàng xīn kè.</span><span class="trans">Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.</span> | |
| − | = | ||
| − | |||
| − | < | ||
| − | |||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | === | + | === Common Mistakes === |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | + | <ul> | |
| − | + | <li class="x">我们 <strong>先</strong> 复习 一下 ，<em>以后</em> 上 新 课 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen <strong>xiān</strong> fùxí yīxià, <em>yǐhòu</em> shàng xīn kè.</span><span class="trans">Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.</span></li> | |
| − | + | <li class="x">我 打算 先 住 朋友家 ，<em>以后</em> 找 房子 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ dǎsuàn xiān zhù péngyou jiā, <em>yǐhòu</em> zhǎo fángzi.</span><span class="trans">My plan is to stay at my friend's friend, and then find a place to live.</span></li> | |
| + | <li class="x">我们 下周 去 北京 出差 ，<em>以后</em> 去 欧洲 度假 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen xiàzhōu qù Běijīng chūchāi, <em>yǐhòu</em> qù Ōuzhōu dùjià.</span><span class="trans">We're going to Beijing on a business trip, and after that we'll go to Europe on vacation.</span></li> | ||
| + | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | Simply swapping 以后 for 然后 in each of these sentences would make them correct. | |
| − | + | === 然后 without 先 === | |
| − | === | + | <div class="liju"> |
| − | + | *我们 在 楼下 见 ，<em>然后</em> 一起 走 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒmen zài lóuxià jiàn, <em>ránhòu</em> yīqǐ zǒu.</span><span class="trans">We'll meet downstairs and then we go together.</span> | |
| − | < | + | *宝宝 醒了 ，哭 了 一会儿 ，<em>然后</em> 又 睡着 了 。<span class="pinyin">Bǎobao xǐng le, kū le yīhuìr, <em>ránhòu</em> yòu shuìzháo le.</span><span class="trans">The baby woke up. He cried for a little while and then fell asleep again.</span> |
| − | + | *中国 是 人口 最多 的 发展中 国家 ，<em>然后</em> 是 印度 。<span class="pinyin">Zhōngguó shì rénkǒu zuì duō de fāzhǎn zhōng guójiā, <em>ránhòu</em> shì Yìndù.</span><span class="trans">China is the biggest developing country and then it's India.</span> | |
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | == Usage of 以后 == | |
| − | === | + | === 以后 as "In the Future" === |
| − | + | 以后 is a time noun, which can be used to talk about things that happen at some unspecified point in the future while 然后 and 后来 can't be used this way. | |
| − | + | A few examples: | |
| − | |||
| − | |||
| + | <div class="liju"> | ||
| + | *我 <em>以后</em> 想 开 公司 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>yǐhòu</em> xiǎng kāi gōngsī.</span><span class="trans">I want to start up my own business in the future.</span> | ||
| + | *请 你 <em>以后</em> 别 来 了 。<span class="pinyin">Qǐng nǐ <em>yǐhòu</em> bié lái le.</span><span class="trans">Please stop coming here in the future.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | === 以后 as "After" === |
| − | + | Note that the time can be specific (like a date or time) or broad (like an event, action, or occurrence). | |
| − | + | A few examples: | |
| − | <div class=" | + | <div class="liju"> |
| − | + | *我 一 个 小时 <em>以后</em> 回来 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ yī gè xiǎoshí <em>yǐhòu</em> huílái.</span><span class="trans"> I will come back in an hour.</span> | |
| + | *毕业 <em>以后</em> 他 出国 了 。<span class="pinyin">Bìyè <em>yǐhòu</em> tā chūguó le.</span><span class="trans">He went abroad after he graduated.</span> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | == | + | == 后来 as "Afterwards" == |
| − | + | 后来 is used to sequence two events that have already occurred. It is the Chinese equivalent of the English word "afterward." | |
| − | + | === Structure === | |
| − | |||
| + | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
| + | [Past Event 1] ，后来 + [Past Event 2] | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| − | |||
| − | |||
=== Examples === | === Examples === | ||
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<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li class="x"><strong>后来</strong> | + | <li class="x">他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ，<em>以后</em> 跳槽 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zài wǒmen gōngsī gàn guo liǎng nián, <em>yǐhòu</em> tiàocáo <strong>le</strong>.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o"><strong>以后</ | + | <li class="o">他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ，<em>后来</em> 跳槽 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin">Tā zài wǒmen gōngsī gàn guo liǎng nián, <em>hòulái</em> tiàocáo <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">He worked for our company for two years, and then he jumped ship.</span></li> |
| + | <li class="x"><em>以后</em> 他 去 <strong>了</strong> 美国 ，<em>然后</em> 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Yǐhòu</em> tā qù <strong>le</strong> Měiguó. <em>Ránhòu</em> tā de fùmǔ yě bān guòqù <strong>le</strong>.</span> | ||
| + | <li class="o"><em>后来</em> 他 去 <strong>了</strong> 美国 ，<em>然后</em> 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 <strong>了</strong> 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Hòulái</em> tā qù <strong>le</strong> Měiguó. <em>Ránhòu</em> tā de fùmǔ yě bān guòqù <strong>le</strong>.</span><span class="trans">Afterwards he moved to the US. And then his parents also moved over there.</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="x">他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ，<em>以后</em> 分手了 。 <span class="pinyin">Tāmen dàxué de shíhou zài yīqǐ guo, <em>yǐhòu</em> fēnshǒu le.</span></li> | ||
| + | <li class="o">他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ，<em>后</em> 分手了 。 <span class="pinyin">Tāmen dàxué de shíhou zài yīqǐ guo, <em>hòulái</em> fēnshǒu le.</span></li> | ||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
| + | == Example Dialog == | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | <ul> | + | <ul class="dialog"> |
| − | <li class=" | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 我 <strong>先</strong> 去 你 家 ，<em>然后</em> 我们 一起 去 见 她 。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <strong>xiān</strong> qù nǐ jiā, <em>ránhòu</em> wǒmen yīqǐ qù jiàn tā.</span><span class="trans">I'll go to your house first, then we can go together to see her.</span></li> |
| − | + | <li><span class="speaker">B:</span> 好的 。我 好久 没 见 她 了 ！ 她 出国 <em>以后</em> 你们 见过面 吗 ？<span class="pinyin">Hǎo de. Wǒ hǎojiǔ méi jiàn tā le! Tā chūguó <em>yǐhòu</em> nǐmen jiàn guo miàn ma?</span><span class="trans">Sure. I haven't seen her in so long! Have you seen each other since she went abroad?</span></li> | |
| − | </ | + | <li><span class="speaker">A:</span> 见 过 一次 ，<em>后来</em> 再也 没见过 。<span class="pinyin">Jiàn guo yī cì, <em>hòulái</em> zài yě méi jiàn guo.</span><span class="trans">We met once, but I haven't seen her since then.</span></li> |
| − | </ | ||
| − | |||
| − | < | ||
| − | < | ||
| − | < | ||
| − | <li class=" | ||
| − | |||
</ul> | </ul> | ||
</div> | </div> | ||
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{{Source|对外汉语教学语法释疑201例|5}} | {{Source|对外汉语教学语法释疑201例|5}} | ||
| + | {{Source|对外汉语教学语法释疑201例|7}} | ||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|461}} | ||
{{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|614}} | {{Source|现代汉语八百词（增订本）|614}} | ||
{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|268}} | {{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|268}} | ||
| Line 108: | Line 108: | ||
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2|294}} | {{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2|294}} | ||
{{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|267}} | {{Source|Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide|267}} | ||
| + | |||
| + | === Dictionaries === | ||
| + | |||
| + | {{Source|现代汉语词典（第5版）|570}} | ||
[[Category:grammar comparison]] | [[Category:grammar comparison]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|以后| | + | {{HSK|HSK3}} |
| − | + | {{Basic Grammar|以后|B2|以后 vs. 然后 vs. 后来|我 <em>以后</em> 想 开 公司 。/ <em>后来</em> 他 去 了 美国 ，<em>然后</em> 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。|grammar point|ASGNPJ7T}} | |
| + | {{Rel char|然后}} | ||
{{Rel char|后来}} | {{Rel char|后来}} | ||
{{Similar|in the future in general}} | {{Similar|in the future in general}} | ||
Latest revision as of 07:39, 19 January 2021
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Level
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Similar to
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Used for
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Keywords
While both 以后 (yǐhòu) and 后来 (hòulái) can mean "later," they have distinct uses. 然后 (ránhòu) means "and then." Don't let yet another 后 word confuse you!
Contents
然后 as "And Then"
然后 is a conjunction, which is always used in the middle of a sequence of events. It is often used with 先 (xiān, meaning "first"). Neither 以后 nor 后来 can be used this way.
- 我们 先 复习 一下 ，然后 上 新 课 。Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.
Common Mistakes
- 我们 先 复习 一下 ，以后 上 新 课 。Let's do some review first and then study a new lesson.
- 我 打算 先 住 朋友家 ，以后 找 房子 。My plan is to stay at my friend's friend, and then find a place to live.
- 我们 下周 去 北京 出差 ，以后 去 欧洲 度假 。We're going to Beijing on a business trip, and after that we'll go to Europe on vacation.
Simply swapping 以后 for 然后 in each of these sentences would make them correct.
然后 without 先
- 我们 在 楼下 见 ，然后 一起 走 。We'll meet downstairs and then we go together.
- 宝宝 醒了 ，哭 了 一会儿 ，然后 又 睡着 了 。The baby woke up. He cried for a little while and then fell asleep again.
- 中国 是 人口 最多 的 发展中 国家 ，然后 是 印度 。China is the biggest developing country and then it's India.
Usage of 以后
以后 as "In the Future"
以后 is a time noun, which can be used to talk about things that happen at some unspecified point in the future while 然后 and 后来 can't be used this way.
A few examples:
- 我 以后 想 开 公司 。I want to start up my own business in the future.
- 请 你 以后 别 来 了 。Please stop coming here in the future.
以后 as "After"
Note that the time can be specific (like a date or time) or broad (like an event, action, or occurrence).
A few examples:
- 我 一 个 小时 以后 回来 。 I will come back in an hour.
- 毕业 以后 他 出国 了 。He went abroad after he graduated.
后来 as "Afterwards"
后来 is used to sequence two events that have already occurred. It is the Chinese equivalent of the English word "afterward."
Structure
[Past Event 1] ，后来 + [Past Event 2]
Examples
- 他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ，以后 跳槽 了 。
- 他 在 我们 公司 干 过 两 年 ，后来 跳槽 了 。He worked for our company for two years, and then he jumped ship.
- 以后 他 去 了 美国 ，然后 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。
- 后来 他 去 了 美国 ，然后 他 的 父母 也 搬 过去 了 。Afterwards he moved to the US. And then his parents also moved over there.
- 他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ，以后 分手了 。
- 他们 大学 的时候 在一起 过 ，后 分手了 。
Example Dialog
- A: 我 先 去 你 家 ，然后 我们 一起 去 见 她 。I'll go to your house first, then we can go together to see her.
- B: 好的 。我 好久 没 见 她 了 ！ 她 出国 以后 你们 见过面 吗 ？Sure. I haven't seen her in so long! Have you seen each other since she went abroad?
- A: 见 过 一次 ，后来 再也 没见过 。We met once, but I haven't seen her since then.
See also
- In the future in general
- Sequencing past events with "houlai"
- After a specific time
- Comparing "houlai" and "ranhou"
Sources and further reading
Books
- 对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (pp. 5) [ →buy]
- 对外汉语教学语法释疑201例 (pp. 7) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 461) [ →buy]
- 现代汉语八百词（增订本） (pp. 614) [ →buy]
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 268) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 26 - 27) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 2 (pp. 294) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 267) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
Dictionaries
- 现代汉语词典（第5版） (pp. 570) 卓越汉语－公司实战篇 →buy
