Comparing "cai" and "jiu"

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Both 才 (cái) and 就 (jiù) are adverbs that have to do with expressing time, and they are both placed in front of the verb. However, they both have a different tone and feel, and they express different lengths of time.\r\n == 才 ==\r\n才 expresses that the speaker thinks that the the time that passed since the action takes place was a long time. Sometimes it expresses anxiety, impatience, anger etc. \r\n

=== Structure ===\r\n

才 + Verb

\r\n=== Examples ===\r\n

• 我 等 了 两 个 小时 才 买 到 票。 I waited two hours before I bought the ticket.
• 他 迟到 了 半 个 小时 才 来。He came a half an hour late.
• 他 吃了 三 碗 饭才 吃饱。He had three bowls of rice before he was full.

\r\n== 就 ==\r\n就　expresses that the speaker thinks that the time since the action happened is short, and it has a surprise, unexpectedness, or even sometimes regret. \r\n === Structure ===\r\n

就 + Verb

\r\n=== Examples ===\r\n

• 你们 这么 早 就 下班 了？Why are you guys leaving work so early?
• 我的妹妹 十五岁就 上大学 了My younger sister went to college when she was only fifteen.
• 他 五岁 就 和父母 去美国 了。He went to America with his parents when he was only five.

\r\n== 就 is used to express earliness == \r\n就 indicates that something has occurred earlier than expected\r\n=== Structure ===\r\n

Subject + Time + 就 + Verb + Object

\r\n=== Examples ===

• 他 下午 四点 就 吃 晚饭。He ate dinner at four in the afternoon.

\r\n== Example dialog ==\r\n

• A: 你 怎么 才 来？Why didn't you arrive until now?
• B: 我 八点 就 出门 了，路 上 堵车 我 也 没 办法。I left at eight, but there was a traffic jam. I couldn't help it.

\r\n== See also==\r\n*Expressing lateness with "cai"

• Expressing earliness with "jiu"
• "cai" used for small numbers
• "Just" with "jiu"
• Emphasis with "jiu"
• Expressing "as one likes" with "jiu"
• Expressing indifference with "jiu"
• Limiting scope with "jiu"\r\n== Sources and further reading ==\r\n=== Books ===\r\n* Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (p. 107) →buy \r\n