Direction complement "-qilai"

起来 (qǐlái) comes up very frequently in Chinese and can be used both literally and figuratively. This is a little like the usage of "up" in English which can be used literally, as in "stand up", or figuratively, as in "add up".

Expressing an upward movement

起来 can be used to express an upward movement like "up", as in the English examples of "stand up" or "pick up."

• 请大家 站 起来 。Qǐng dàjiā zhàn qǐlái. Please stand up.
• 快点 把 垃圾 捡 起来。Kuài diǎn bǎ lājī jiǎn qǐlái.Quickly pick up the trash.

Expressing bringing things together

起来 can be used to express collecting things together, where in English we might say "tidy up", or "add up".

• 他 把 衣服 都收 起来 了。Tā bǎ yīfú dōu shōu qǐlái le.He put away his clothes.
• 把 你的 工资 和 奖金 加 起来就知道你这个月的收入了。Bǎ nǐ de gōngzī hé jiǎngjīn jiā qǐlái jiù zhīdào nǐ zhè ge yuè de shōurù le.Add your salary and bonus together and you'll figure out your income.
• 一个 优秀 的 领袖 会 让 他 的 人民 团结 起来。Yī gè yōuxiù de lǐngxiù huì ràng tā de rénmín tuánjié qǐlái.An outstanding leader can make his people come together.

Expressing an initial judgement

起来 can also be used to express a preliminary judgement. 起来 is used here to express that the speaker has only just initiated an action, and based on that, has made a quick judgement. It is used in the following structure:

Subject + Verb + 起来 + Adjective

This expresses that the subject seems adjective when the action of the verb is performed. This structure is frequently used with perception verbs such as 看, 听, 尝 etc.

Some examples:

• 他 看 起来 很 友好。Tā kàn qǐlái hěn yǒuhǎo.He looks very friendly.
• 这件事情听 起来 有点 复杂。Zhè jiàn shìqíng tīng qǐlái yǒudiǎn fùzá.This matter sounds a little bit complex.
• 你点的菜 尝 起来 味道 不错。Nǐ diǎn de cài cháng qǐlái wèidào bùcuò.The dishes that you ordered tastes good .
• 这 件 衣服 摸 起来 很 舒服 。Zhè jiàn yīfú mō qǐlái hěn shūfú.These clothes feel very comfortable.

See also

• 下去
• 出来
• Direction complement
• Result complements "dao" and "jian"
• Appearance with "kanqilai"

Sources and further reading

Books

• Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) (pp. 25-31) →buy
• Boya Chinese Elementary Starter 2 (博雅汉语初经起步篇) (pp. 80)→buy
• New Practical Chinese Reader 5 (新实用汉语课本5) (pp. 134-5)→buy
• 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册） (pp. 355-6)→buy
• Integrated Chinese: Level 2, Part 2 (p. 20) →buy

Websites

• Yale: Extended meaning of some directional complements