Difference between revisions of "Expressing "only if" with "zhiyou""
m (Text replacement - ""," to ","") |
|||
(19 intermediate revisions by 4 users not shown) | |||
Line 1: | Line 1: | ||
{{Grammar Box}} | {{Grammar Box}} | ||
− | |||
只有 (zhǐyǒu) means "only if," and is used with 才 (cái) to emphasize that ''only one'' course of action will bring about the desired outcome. | 只有 (zhǐyǒu) means "only if," and is used with 才 (cái) to emphasize that ''only one'' course of action will bring about the desired outcome. | ||
Line 6: | Line 5: | ||
<div class="jiegou"> | <div class="jiegou"> | ||
+ | 只有 + Essential Condition + 才 (能) + Desired Outcome | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | Note that 才 is often followed by 能, but not always. This pattern is usually used for hypothetical situations, and is used what is in logic called a "[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency necessary and sufficient condition]," meaning "if and only if...." | |
− | |||
− | |||
== Examples == | == Examples == | ||
Line 15: | Line 14: | ||
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
− | * <em>只有</em> 努力 <em>才</em> 能 做 好 工作。<span class="trans">Only | + | * <em>只有</em> 努力 <em>才</em> 能 做 好 工作。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> nǔlì <em>cái</em> néng zuò hǎo gōngzuò.</span><span class="trans">Only if you work hard is it possible to do a good job.</span> |
− | * <em>只有</em> | + | * <em>只有</em> 多 吃饭 <em>才</em> 能 长高。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> duō chīfàn <em>cái</em> néng zhǎng gāo.</span><span class="trans">Only if you eat more will you be able to grow tall.</span> |
− | * <em>只有</em> 多 | + | * <em>只有</em> 多 说,你的 中文 <em>才</em> 会 提高。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> duō shuō, nǐ de Zhōngwén <em>cái</em> huì tígāo.</span><span class="trans">Only if you speak more will your Chinese improve.</span> |
+ | * <em>只有</em> 大家 一起 做 <em>才</em> 能 成功。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> dàjiā yīqǐ zuò <em>cái</em> néng chénggōng.</span><span class="trans">Only if everyone works together can we succeed.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 写 完 你的 作业 <em>才</em> 能 看 电视。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> xiě wán nǐ de zuòyè <em>cái</em> néng kàn diànshì.</span><span class="trans">Only if you finish your homework can you watch TV.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 妈妈 在 我们 <em>才</em> 能 出去 玩。 <span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> māma zài wǒmen <em>cái</em> néng chūqù wán.</span><span class="trans">Only if Mom is here can we go out and play.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 每天 跑步,你的 身体 <em>才</em> 会 健康。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> měi tiān pǎobù, nǐ de shēntǐ <em>cái</em> huì jiànkāng.</span><span class="trans">Only if you go running every day can you have a healthy body.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 老板 同意 这个 建议,我们 <em>才</em> 能 做。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> lǎobǎn tóngyì zhège jiànyì, wǒmen <em>cái</em> néng zuò.</span><span class="trans">We can only do this if the boss agrees with the suggestion.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 你 吃 过 了,你 <em>才</em> 能 说 好 不 好吃。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> nǐ chī guò le, nǐ <em>cái</em> néng shuō hǎo bù hǎochī.</span><span class="trans">You can only tell if it's good or not if you have eaten it before.</span> | ||
+ | * <em>只有</em> 学习 了 拼音,你 <em>才</em> 能 更 好 地 学 汉字。<span class="pinyin"><em>Zhǐyǒu</em> xuéxí le pīnyīn, nǐ <em>cái</em> néng gèng hǎo de xué hànzì.</span><span class="trans">Only if you have learned pinyin can you learn Chinese characters better.</span> | ||
+ | </div> | ||
− | + | Note that for each of these examples, events have ''not'' already occurred. If they have, consider using the [[Expressing "only after" with "cai"|"only after" 才 pattern]] which doesn't use 只有. | |
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
Line 29: | Line 36: | ||
=== Books === | === Books === | ||
− | + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 3|172}} | |
− | + | {{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4) |42}} | |
− | + | {{Source|卓越汉语-公司实战篇|113}} | |
+ | {{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册)|516}} | ||
===Websites=== | ===Websites=== | ||
* Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0127.html 只 and 只有] | * Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary [http://comet.cls.yale.edu/chineseusagedictionary/0127.html 只 and 只有] | ||
+ | * Wikipedia: [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necessity_and_sufficiency Necessity and sufficiency] | ||
[[Category: B2 grammar points]] | [[Category: B2 grammar points]] | ||
+ | {{HSK|HSK3}} | ||
{{Basic Grammar|只有|B2|只有⋯⋯,才⋯⋯|<em>只有</em> 你 帮忙 , 我 <em>才</em> 能 完成 任务 。|grammar point|ASGJDV3Y}} | {{Basic Grammar|只有|B2|只有⋯⋯,才⋯⋯|<em>只有</em> 你 帮忙 , 我 <em>才</em> 能 完成 任务 。|grammar point|ASGJDV3Y}} | ||
{{Rel char|只}} | {{Rel char|只}} | ||
{{Rel char|才}} | {{Rel char|才}} | ||
+ | {{Similar|Expressing "only when" with "cai"}} | ||
{{Similar|"As long as" with "zhiyao"}} | {{Similar|"As long as" with "zhiyao"}} | ||
{{Similar|"If…, then…" with "ruguo…, jiu…"}} | {{Similar|"If…, then…" with "ruguo…, jiu…"}} | ||
Line 48: | Line 59: | ||
{{Structure|Conditional Statements}} | {{Structure|Conditional Statements}} | ||
{{Translation|if}} | {{Translation|if}} | ||
+ | {{Translation|only}} | ||
+ | {{Translation|only if}} |
Revision as of 04:31, 26 November 2020
-
Level
-
Similar to
-
Used for
-
Keywords
只有 (zhǐyǒu) means "only if," and is used with 才 (cái) to emphasize that only one course of action will bring about the desired outcome.
Structure
只有 + Essential Condition + 才 (能) + Desired Outcome
Note that 才 is often followed by 能, but not always. This pattern is usually used for hypothetical situations, and is used what is in logic called a "necessary and sufficient condition," meaning "if and only if...."
Examples
- 只有 努力 才 能 做 好 工作。Only if you work hard is it possible to do a good job.
- 只有 多 吃饭 才 能 长高。Only if you eat more will you be able to grow tall.
- 只有 多 说,你的 中文 才 会 提高。Only if you speak more will your Chinese improve.
- 只有 大家 一起 做 才 能 成功。Only if everyone works together can we succeed.
- 只有 写 完 你的 作业 才 能 看 电视。Only if you finish your homework can you watch TV.
- 只有 妈妈 在 我们 才 能 出去 玩。 Only if Mom is here can we go out and play.
- 只有 每天 跑步,你的 身体 才 会 健康。Only if you go running every day can you have a healthy body.
- 只有 老板 同意 这个 建议,我们 才 能 做。We can only do this if the boss agrees with the suggestion.
- 只有 你 吃 过 了,你 才 能 说 好 不 好吃。You can only tell if it's good or not if you have eaten it before.
- 只有 学习 了 拼音,你 才 能 更 好 地 学 汉字。Only if you have learned pinyin can you learn Chinese characters better.
Note that for each of these examples, events have not already occurred. If they have, consider using the "only after" 才 pattern which doesn't use 只有.
See also
Sources and further reading
Books
- HSK Standard Course 3 (pp. 172) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- New Practical Chinese Reader 4 (新实用汉语课本4) (pp. 42) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- 卓越汉语-公司实战篇 (pp. 113) 卓越汉语-公司实战篇 →buy
- 40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课下册) (pp. 516) [ →buy]
Websites
- Yale Chinese Usage Dictionary 只 and 只有
- Wikipedia: Necessity and sufficiency