Difference between revisions of "Expressing existence in a place with "zai""

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{{Grammar Box}}
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{{Grammar Box}}  
  
The verb 在 (zài) expresses existence in a place, similar to the English "to be located in".
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The verb 在 (zài) expresses existence in a location, similar to how we say in English, "to be at" or "to be in."
  
 
== Structure ==
 
== Structure ==
  
The verb 在 is used to express existence in a place. English does not have a verb that covers this, and instead uses "to be" with a [[Prepositions|preposition]]. In Chinese, 在 covers both of these.  
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The verb 在 (zài) is used to express existence in a place. English does not have a verb exclusively for this purpose, and instead uses "to be" with a [[Prepositions|preposition]]. In Chinese, 在 (zài) can cover both of these roles.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
Subject + 在 + Place
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Subj. + 在 + Place
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Remember that you don't need another verb in this construction. It can be tempting to try use 是, as English uses "to be", but this is not correct. 在 is the only verb needed.
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Remember that you don't need another verb in this construction. It can be tempting to try use 是 (shì), as English uses "to be," but this is not correct. 在 (zài) is the only verb needed.
  
 
== Examples ==
 
== Examples ==
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* 我 <em>在</em> 上海。<span class="trans">I'm in Shanghai.</span>
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* 我 <em>在</em> 上海。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ <em>zài</em> Shànghǎi.</span><span class="trans">I'm in Shanghai.</span>
* 他们 <em>在</em> 英国。<span class="trans">We're in England.</span>
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* 他们 <em>在</em> 英国。<span class="pinyin">Tāmen <em>zài</em> Yīngguó.</span><span class="trans">They're in England.</span>
* 他 <em>在</em> 超市。<span class="trans">He's at the supermarket.</span>
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* 老板 <em>在</em> 外面。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn <em>zài</em> wàimiàn.</span><span class="trans">The boss  is outside.</span>
* 她 <em>在</em> 邮局。<span class="trans">She's at the post office.</span>
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* 他 <em>在</em> 学校。<span class="pinyin">Tā bù <em>zài</em> xuéxiào.</span><span class="trans">He's not at school.</span>
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* 她 现在 <em>在</em> 家 吗?<span class="pinyin">Tā xiànzài <em>zài</em>  jiā ma?</span><span class="trans">Is she at home now?</span>
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* 你 <em>在</em> 公司 吗?<span class="expl">Literally, "Are you at the company?"</span><span class="pinyin">Nǐ <em>zài</em> gōngsī ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you at the office?</span>
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* 老师 不 <em>在</em> 办公室 吗?<span class="pinyin"> Lǎoshī bù <em>zài</em>  bàngōngshì ma?</span><span class="trans">Is the teacher not in the office?</span>
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* 谁 <em>在</em> 楼上?<span class="pinyin">Shéi <em>zài</em> lóushàng?</span><span class="trans">Who is upstairs?</span>
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* 我 和 朋友 <em>在</em> 酒吧。<span class="pinyin">Wǒ hé péngyou <em>zài</em> jiǔbā.</span><span class="trans">I'm with a friend at a bar.</span>
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* 你们 明天 <em>在</em> 北京 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐmen míngtiān <em>zài</em> Běijīng ma?</span><span class="trans">Are you guys in Beijing tomorrow?</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
*[["Zai" following verbs]]
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*[[Using "zai" with verbs]]
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*[[Indicating location with "zai" before verbs]]
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*[[Special cases of "zai" following verbs]]
 
*[[Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"]]
 
*[[Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"]]
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition]] (pp. 85-7) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415372615/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0415372615 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|66}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 154) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
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{{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|85-7}}
*[[40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)]] (p. 73)[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B001FTL8D8/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=B001FTL8D8&linkCode=as2&tag=allset-20 →buy]
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)|154}}
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{{Source|40 Lessons for Basic Chinese Course (基础汉语40课上册)|73}}
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
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{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|在|A1|在 + Place|老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。|grammar point|ASGLRWT8}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|在|A1|在 + Place|老师 <em>在 上海</em> 。|grammar point|ASGLRWT8}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing existence}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing existence}}
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{{Used for|Indicating conditions}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating conditions}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"}}
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{{Similar|Indicating location with "zai" before verbs}}
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{{Similar|Special cases of "zai" following verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{POS|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Verbs}}
 
{{Subprop|Verbs}}
 
{{Translation|in}}
 
{{Translation|in}}
 
{{Translation|at}}
 
{{Translation|at}}

Latest revision as of 09:24, 20 April 2021

The verb 在 (zài) expresses existence in a location, similar to how we say in English, "to be at" or "to be in."

Structure

The verb 在 (zài) is used to express existence in a place. English does not have a verb exclusively for this purpose, and instead uses "to be" with a preposition. In Chinese, 在 (zài) can cover both of these roles.

Subj. + 在 + Place

Remember that you don't need another verb in this construction. It can be tempting to try use 是 (shì), as English uses "to be," but this is not correct. 在 (zài) is the only verb needed.

Examples

  • 上海。zài Shànghǎi.I'm in Shanghai.
  • 他们 英国。Tāmen zài Yīngguó.They're in England.
  • 老板 外面。Lǎobǎn zài wàimiàn.The boss is outside.
  • 他 不 学校。Tā bù zài xuéxiào.He's not at school.
  • 她 现在 家 吗?Tā xiànzài zài jiā ma?Is she at home now?
  • 公司 吗?Literally, "Are you at the company?"zài gōngsī ma?Are you at the office?
  • 老师 不 办公室 吗? Lǎoshī bù zài bàngōngshì ma?Is the teacher not in the office?
  • 楼上?Shéi zài lóushàng?Who is upstairs?
  • 我 和 朋友 酒吧。Wǒ hé péngyou zài jiǔbā.I'm with a friend at a bar.
  • 你们 明天 北京 吗?Nǐmen míngtiān zài Běijīng ma?Are you guys in Beijing tomorrow?

See also

Sources and further reading

Books