Difference between revisions of "Structure of times (basic)"

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
  
Time in Chinese also goes "big to small."
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Time in Chinese, just like in English, is expressed by stating the hour first, and then the minute (big to small).  
  
== On the hour ==
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== On the Hour ==
  
The time of day in Chinese is formed with a [[Structure of numbers|number]] 1 to 12 (一 to 十二) followed by 点. This 点 is equivalent to ''o'clock'' in English. In China, people generally use a twelve hour clock, preceded by 上午 (a.m.) or 下午 (p.m.) if necessary.
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The time of day in Chinese is formed with a [[Structure of numbers|number]] 1 to 12 (一 (yī) to 十二 (shí'èr)) followed by 点 (diăn). This 点 (diăn) is equivalent to ''o'clock'' in English. In China, people generally use a twelve-hour clock, preceded by 上午 (shàngwŭ) for "a.m." or 下午 (xiàwŭ) for "p.m." when necessary.
  
 
=== Structure ===
 
=== Structure ===
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<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
x 点
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(Date and/or time of day +) x 点
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
 +
 +
Sometimes people use the longer 点钟 (diǎnzhōng) instead of just 点 (diǎn), but you're fine using the short form.
  
 
=== Examples ===
 
=== Examples ===
  
<div class="liju">
+
If you want to include more specific information, start with the day or date, followed by the general time of day, with the exact clock time last. (This is the big-to-small pattern.) This is how Chinese gets around the need for "a.m." or "p.m.": use 上午 (shàngwǔ) for times in the morning, and 下午 (xiàwǔ) for times in the afternoon.
 
 
* 一 <em>点</em><span class="trans">1 o'clock</span>
 
* 两 <em>点</em><span class="trans">2 o'clock</span>
 
* 三 <em>点</em><span class="trans">3 o'clock</span>
 
* 十 <em>点</em><span class="trans">10 o'clock</span>
 
* 中午 十二 <em>点</em><span class="trans"> 12 o'clock / noon</span>
 
* 上午 八 <em>点</em><span class="trans">8 o'clock a.m.</span>
 
* 明天 晚上 七 <em>点</em><span class="trans">7 o'clock p.m.</span>
 
* 9 月 9 号 早上 六 <em>点</em><span class="trans">6 o'clock a.m., 9th Sep.</span>
 
* 每 天 下午 一 <em>点</em><span class="trans">every day at 1 o'clock p.m</span>
 
* 星期三 上午 九 <em>点</em><span class="trans">9 o'clock a.m. on Wednesday</span>
 
</div>
 
 
 
Note that '''two o'clock is 两点''', not 二点. Also, 中午十二点 (12pm) is noon / midday, as in English.
 
 
 
== Half hours and quarter hours ==
 
 
 
Half and quarter hours are added after 点. A half hour is indicated with 半, and a quarter with 一刻.  
 
 
 
=== Half hours ===
 
 
 
==== Structure ====
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
 
x 点 半
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
==== Examples ====
 
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>点 </em><span class="trans">5:30</span>
+
* <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">jiǔ <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">9 o'clock</span>
* 下午 两<em>点 </em><span class="trans">2:30 p.m.</span>
+
* 上午 七 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">shàngwǔ qī <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">7 o'clock a.m.</span>
* 9 月 9 号 早上 六<em>点 半</em><span class="trans">6:30 a.m., 9th Sep.</span>
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* 下午 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">xiàwǔ sì <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">4 o'clock p.m.</span>
* 每 天 下午 <em>点 </em><span class="trans">1:30 p.m. every day</span>
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* 中午 十二 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">zhōngwǔ shí'èr <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans"> 12 o'clock noon</span>
* 星期 三 上午 九 <em>点 </em><span class="trans">9:30 a.m. on Wednesday</span>
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* 明天 晚上 七 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">míngtiān wǎnshang qī <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">7 o'clock p.m. tomorrow evening</span>
* 上午 十 <em>点 半</em><span class="trans">10:30 a.m. </span>
+
* 9 月 9 号 早上 六 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">jiǔ yuè jiǔ hào zǎoshang liù <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">September 9th, 6 o'clock a.m.</span>
* 明天 <em>点 </em><span class="trans">3:30 tomorrow</span>
+
* 星期三 上午 九 <em>点</em><span class="pinyin">Xīngqīsān shàngwǔ jiǔ <em>diǎn</em></span><span class="trans">Wednesday at 9 o'clock a.m.</span>
* 昨天 七 <em>点 </em><span class="trans">7:30 yesterday</span>
 
* 星期 五 晚上 十 <em>点 半</em><span class="trans">10:30 p.m. on Friday evening</span>
 
* 今天 下午 四 <em>点 </em><span class="trans">4:30 p.m. this afternoon</span>
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== quarter hours ===
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Note that '''two o'clock is 两点''' (liǎng diǎn), not 二点 (èr diǎn). (For more information on when to use 两 (liǎng) vs. 二 (èr), see our article on [[comparing "er" and "liang"]]).
  
==== Structure ====
+
"''Twelve'' o'clock," however, is still 十二点 (shí'èr diǎn).
  
<div class="jiegou">
+
== Half Hours ==
  
x x 刻
+
Half hours are added after (diăn) and are indicated with 半 (bàn).
  
</div>
+
=== Structure ===
 
 
==== Examples ====
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
* 七 <em>点</em> 一 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">7:15</span>
 
* 九 <em>点</em> 一 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">9:15</span>
 
* 十 一 <em>点</em> 一 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">11:15</span>
 
* 十 二 <em>点</em> 一 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">12:15</span>
 
* 五 <em>点</em> 一 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">5:15</span>
 
* 两 <em>点</em> 三 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">2:45</span>
 
* 一 <em>点</em> 三 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">1:45</span>
 
* 四 <em>点</em> 三 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">4:45</span>
 
* 十 <em>点</em> 三 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">10:45</span>
 
* 六 <em>点</em> 三 <em>刻</em> <span class="trans">6:45</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
== Minutes ==
 
 
 
Minutes are marked with 分 (short for 分钟). The way to include them in the time depends on whether they're minutes ''past'' or ''to'' the hour.
 
 
 
=== Past the hour ===
 
 
 
Minutes ''past'' the hour are added after 点 in the same way as half and quarter hours.
 
 
 
==== 整数分钟 ====
 
 
 
===== Structure =====
 
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
  
x 点 x 分
+
x 点 + 半
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=====Examples =====
+
=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>点</em> 四 十 <em>分</em><span class="trans">1:40</span>
+
* <em>点 </em><span class="pinyin"><em>diǎn bàn</em></span><span class="trans">5:30</span>
* 两 <em></em> 十 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">2:10</span>
+
* 下午 两 <em>点 </em><span class="pinyin">xiàwǔ liǎng <em>diǎn bàn</em></span><span class="trans">2:30 p.m.</span>
* <em>点</em> 二 十 五 <em>分</em><span class="trans">8:25</span>
+
* 星期天 上午 十 <em>点 </em><span class="pinyin">Xīngqītiān shàngwǔ shí <em>diǎn bàn</em></span><span class="trans"> Sunday at 10:30 a.m.</span>
* 五 <em></em> 三 十 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">5:30</span>
+
* 昨天 晚上 七 <em>点 </em><span class="pinyin">zuótiān wǎnshang qī <em>diǎn bàn</em></span><span class="trans">7:30 yesterday evening</span>
* <em>点</em> 二 十 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">3:20</span>
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* 今天 下午 四 <em>点 </em><span class="pinyin">jīntiān xiàwǔ sì <em>diǎn bàn</em></span><span class="trans">4:30 p.m. this afternoon.</span>
* 七 <em></em> 十 五 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">7:15</span>
 
* <em>点</em> 五 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">9:05</span>
 
* 两 <em></em> 四 十 五 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">2:45</span>
 
* <em>点</em> 十 五 <em>分</em>  <span class="trans">1:15</span>
 
* 两 <em></em> 五 十 <em>分</em><span class="trans">2:50</span>
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
Also, you can omit 分 in this structure when X 分>10 分. For example: 2:15 is 两点十五.
+
As a beginner, that should be all you need. If you've mastered all of these structures and want to get a little more advanced, see [[structure of times (advanced)]].
 
 
==== 零====
 
 
 
===== Structure =====
 
 
 
当分钟数不是5,10,15这样的数字时,我们一般会在“点”后面加“零”,比如2:07 就是 “两点零七分”。需要注意的是,人们经常喜欢省略“两点零七分”后面的“分”,直接说“两点零七”。但如果是5,10,15这样的数字,你加“零”也不是错的。
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
  
x 点 零 x 分
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== HSK Notes ==
  
</div>
+
Simple times with (diăn) is on HSK1, but the usage above with (bàn) is not. It is not tested until HSK3.
 
 
===== Examples =====
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
* 一 <em></em> <em>零</em> 四 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">1:04</span>
 
* 两 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 九<em>分</em> <span class="trans">2:09</span>
 
* 八 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 五 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">8:05</span>
 
* 五 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 三 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">5:03</span>
 
* 三 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 二 <em>分</em> <span class="trans">3:02</span>
 
* 七 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 三 <em>分</em><span class="trans">7:03</span>
 
* 一  <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 四 <span class="trans">1:04</span>
 
* 两 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 九 <span class="trans">2:09</span>
 
* 八 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 五 <span class="trans">8:05</span>
 
* 五 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 三 <span class="trans">5:03</span>
 
* 三 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 二 <span class="trans">3:02</span>
 
* 七 <em>点</em> <em>零</em> 三<span class="trans">7:03</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
=== To the hour ===
 
 
 
==== Structure ====
 
 
 
Minutes ''to'' the hour use this structure:
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
 
差 + minutes + 分 + hour + 点
 
 
 
</div>
 
 
 
==== Examples ====
 
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
 
* <em>差</em> 十 分 两 <em>点</em><span class="trans">ten minutes til 2 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 五 分 三 <em>点</em><span class="trans">three minutes til 3 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 二 十 分 十二<em>点</em><span class="trans">twenty minutes til 12 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 两 分 五 <em>点</em><span class="trans">two minutes til 5 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 八 分 八 <em>点</em><span class="trans">eight minutes til 8 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 二 十 分 十二<em>点</em><span class="trans">twenty minutes til 12 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 十 五 分 十<em>点</em><span class="trans">fifteen minutes til 10 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 一刻 五 <em>点</em><span class="trans">fifteen minutes til 5 o'clock</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 五 分 八 <em>点</em> 半<span class="trans">five minutes til 8:30</span>
 
* <em>差</em> 十 分 十<em>点</em><span class="trans">ten minutes til 10:30</span>
 
 
 
</div>
 
  
 
==See also==
 
==See also==
 +
*[[Structure of times (advanced)]]
 
*[[Structure of numbers]]
 
*[[Structure of numbers]]
 
*[[Structure of dates]]
 
*[[Structure of dates]]
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)]] (pp. 74-5) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0887276385/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=0887276385 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|84}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)]] (pp. 160) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561910401/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561910401 →buy]
+
{{Source|HSK Standard Course 3|59}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)]] (pp. 185) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561926235/ref%3das_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7561926235 →buy]
+
{{Source|Integrated Chinese: Level 1, Part 1 (3rd ed)|74-5}}
 +
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)|160}}
 +
{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 1 (新实用汉语课本1)(2nd ed)|185}}
  
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category:A1 grammar points]]
 +
{{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}}
 +
{{HSK|HSK3}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing time and date}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing time and date}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|点|A1|Number + 点(钟)|现在 <em>十一点</em> 。|grammar point|ASGN6BBU}}
 
{{Basic Grammar|点|A1|Number + 点(钟)|现在 <em>十一点</em> 。|grammar point|ASGN6BBU}}
 
{{Rel char|点钟}}
 
{{Rel char|点钟}}
 +
{{Similar|Structure of times (advanced)}} 
 
{{Similar|Structure of numbers}}   
 
{{Similar|Structure of numbers}}   
 
{{Similar|Structure of dates}}   
 
{{Similar|Structure of dates}}   

Latest revision as of 09:22, 20 April 2021

Time in Chinese, just like in English, is expressed by stating the hour first, and then the minute (big to small).

On the Hour

The time of day in Chinese is formed with a number 1 to 12 (一 (yī) to 十二 (shí'èr)) followed by 点 (diăn). This 点 (diăn) is equivalent to o'clock in English. In China, people generally use a twelve-hour clock, preceded by 上午 (shàngwŭ) for "a.m." or 下午 (xiàwŭ) for "p.m." when necessary.

Structure

(Date and/or time of day +) x 点

Sometimes people use the longer 点钟 (diǎnzhōng) instead of just 点 (diǎn), but you're fine using the short form.

Examples

If you want to include more specific information, start with the day or date, followed by the general time of day, with the exact clock time last. (This is the big-to-small pattern.) This is how Chinese gets around the need for "a.m." or "p.m.": use 上午 (shàngwǔ) for times in the morning, and 下午 (xiàwǔ) for times in the afternoon.

  • jiǔ diǎn9 o'clock
  • 上午 七 shàngwǔ qī diǎn7 o'clock a.m.
  • 下午 四 xiàwǔ sì diǎn4 o'clock p.m.
  • 中午 十二 zhōngwǔ shí'èr diǎn 12 o'clock noon
  • 明天 晚上 七 míngtiān wǎnshang qī diǎn7 o'clock p.m. tomorrow evening
  • 9 月 9 号 早上 六 jiǔ yuè jiǔ hào zǎoshang liù diǎnSeptember 9th, 6 o'clock a.m.
  • 星期三 上午 九 Xīngqīsān shàngwǔ jiǔ diǎnWednesday at 9 o'clock a.m.

Note that two o'clock is 两点 (liǎng diǎn), not 二点 (èr diǎn). (For more information on when to use 两 (liǎng) vs. 二 (èr), see our article on comparing "er" and "liang").

"Twelve o'clock," however, is still 十二点 (shí'èr diǎn).

Half Hours

Half hours are added after 点 (diăn) and are indicated with 半 (bàn).

Structure

x 点 + 半

Examples

  • 点 半diǎn bàn5:30
  • 下午 两 点 半xiàwǔ liǎng diǎn bàn2:30 p.m.
  • 星期天 上午 十 点 半Xīngqītiān shàngwǔ shí diǎn bàn Sunday at 10:30 a.m.
  • 昨天 晚上 七 点 半zuótiān wǎnshang qī diǎn bàn7:30 yesterday evening
  • 今天 下午 四 点 半jīntiān xiàwǔ sì diǎn bàn4:30 p.m. this afternoon.

As a beginner, that should be all you need. If you've mastered all of these structures and want to get a little more advanced, see structure of times (advanced).

HSK Notes

Simple times with 点 (diăn) is on HSK1, but the usage above with 半 (bàn) is not. It is not tested until HSK3.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books