Difference between revisions of "Expressing "if... then..." with "ruguo... jiu...""

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{{Grammar Box}}  
 
{{Grammar Box}}  
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The 如果 ⋯⋯,就⋯⋯ (rúguǒ..., jiù...) two-part structure is very logical and concise, meaning "if... then...."
  
One of the benefits of Chinese is that the grammar is often very logical and concise. In this article, we look at the "如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯" (rúguǒ..., jiù...) structure. We will also look at uses "的话" (dehuà).
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== Standard Pattern ==
 
 
== Standard expression with 如果⋯⋯就 ==
 
  
 
=== Structure===
 
=== Structure===
  
"如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯" is an often-used pattern that is utilized in the same way that "''If…, then…''" is in English.  
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如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯ is an often-used pattern that is utilized in the same way that "''If…, then…''" is in English. In English we sometimes drop then "then" in the second half of the sentence, and you can do the same in Chinese, dropping the 就.
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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如果 ⋯⋯ ,就 ⋯⋯
如果 + Statement + 就 + Result
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
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<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
*<em>如果</em> 不 好好 复习,你<em>就</em> 无法 通过 明天 的 考试。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> bù hǎohǎo fùxí, nǐ <em>jiù</em> wúfǎ tōngguò míngtiān de kǎoshì.</span><span class="trans">If you don't review well, you won't be able to pass tomorrow's test.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 有 困难 ,<em>就</em> 给 我 打 电话 。 <span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> yǒu kùnnan, <em>jiù</em> gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.</span><span class="trans">If there is any difficulty, give me a call.</span>
*<em>如果</em> 不 迷恋 网络 游戏,<em>就</em>能考上好的大学 。<span class="pinyin"><em>rúguǒ</em> bù míliàn wǎngluò yóuxì, <em>jiù</em> néng kǎo shàng hǎo de dàxué.</span><span class="trans">If he hadn't been so addicted to the video games, he would have been admitted to a better university.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 你 输 了 ,<em>就</em> 给 我 一 百 块 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> shū le, <em>jiù</em> gěi wǒ yī bǎi kuài.</span><span class="trans">If you lose, give me 100 kuai.</span>
*<em>如果</em> 在 北京 找不到 工作,<em>就</em> 会 回 昆明。<span class="pinyin"><em>rúguǒ</em> zài Běijīng zhǎo dào gōngzuò, <em>jiù</em> huì huí Kūnmíng.</span><span class="trans">If I can't find a job in Beijing, I'm going to go back to Kunming.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 真的 找 不 回来 ,<em>就</em> 再 买 一 个 吧 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> zhēnde zhǎo bu huílái, <em>jiù</em> zài mǎi yī gè ba.</span><span class="trans">If you can't find it, then buy a new one.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 他 再 来 ,我们 <em>就</em> 报警 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> tā zài lái, wǒmen <em>jiù</em> bàojǐng.</span><span class="trans">If he keeps showing up, we'll call the police.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 你们 已经 不 相爱 了 ,<em>就</em> 分手 吧 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐmen yǐjīng xiāngài le, <em>jiù</em> fēnshǒu ba.</span><span class="trans">If you no longer love each other, just break up.</span>
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
==Colloquial expression with 如果⋯⋯的话 ==
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== Alternate Pattern Using 那么 ==
  
Although 如果 can be used to mean "if" all by itself, it's often used together with the phrase 的话 to create [[the "if" sandwich pattern]]. "就" is optional.
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Sometimes 那么 (nàme) is used instead of 就 (jiù), imparting a more relaxed, informal feel to the sentence. Sometimes just 那 (nà) will be used instead of 那么 (nàme).
  
=== Structure===
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=== Structure ===
  
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
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如果 ⋯⋯ ,那么 / 那 ⋯⋯
如果 + Statement + 的话,(就) Result
 
 
 
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
=== Examples===
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=== Examples ===
  
 
<div class="liju">
 
<div class="liju">
  
* <em>如果</em> 你 去  <em>的话</em>,帮 跟 她 问 好。 <span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ qù <em>de huà</em>, bāng gēn tā wènhǎo.</span><span class="trans">If you go, tell her I say hello.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 他 知道 ,<em></em> 他 一 定 会 告诉 <span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> tā zhīdào, <em></em> tā yīdìng huì gàosu wǒ.</span><span class="trans">If he knew, he would definitely tell me.</span>
* <em>如果</em> 下次 有 时间  <em>的话</em>,一定 要 找 玩儿。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> xià cì yǒu shíjiān <em>de huà</em>, yīdìng yào zhǎo wán er.</span><span class="trans">When you have time, you need to find me so we can hang out.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 大家 都 不 感兴趣 ,<em></em> 我 不 说 了。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> dàjiā dōu bù gǎn xìngqù, <em></em> wǒ bù shuō le.</span><span class="trans">If none of you are interested, I will stop talking.</span>
* <em>如果</em> 你 不 忙  <em>的话</em>,可以 帮 我 联系 客户 吗?<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ bù máng <em>de huà</em>, kěyǐ bāng wǒ liánxì kèhù ma?</span><span class="trans">If you're not busy, can you help me connect with customers?</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 你们 真的 想 合作 ,<em>那么</em> 我们 应该 找 时间 好好 谈谈 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐmen zhēnde xiǎng hézuò, <em>nàme</em> wǒmen yīnggāi zhǎo shíjiān hǎohāo tántan.</span><span class="trans">If you really want to work with us, then we should schedule a day to discuss it.</span>
* <em>如果</em> 不 方便 <em>的话</em>,我 不 去 了。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> bù fāngbiàn <em>de huà</em>, wǒ jiù bù qù le.</span>
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*<em>如果</em> 能 找到 投资 ,<em></em> 下个月 可以 开始 做 了 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> néng zhǎodào tóuzī, <em></em> xià gè yuè jiù kěyǐ kāishǐ zuò le.</span><span class="trans">If we can find the investment, we'll be able to get on it next month.</span>
 
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*<em>如果</em> 你 想 申请 ,<em>那么</em> 现在 就 要 开始 准备 。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ xiǎng shēnqǐng, <em>nàme</em> xiànzài jiù yào kāishǐ zhǔnbèi.</span><span class="trans">If you want to apply, you need to start to prepare right away.</span>
</div>
 
 
 
Here's the slightly tricky thing: while you can use 如果 without 的话, it's also possible to drop the 如果 and just use the 的话 instead to mean "if." It's even possible to use neither, and let the "if" be completely implied.
 
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
 
Statement + 的话,(就) Result
 
  
 
</div>
 
</div>
  
<div class="liju">
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=== Adding in 的话 ===
 
 
* 你 去  <em>的话</em>,帮 我 跟 她 问 好。  <span class="pinyin">Nǐ qù <em>de huà</em>, bāng wǒ gēn tā wènhǎo.</span><span class="trans">If you go, tell her I say hello.</span>
 
* 下次 有 时间  <em>的话</em>,一定 要 找 我 玩儿。 <span class="pinyin">Xià cì yǒu shíjiān <em>de huà</em>, yīdìng yào zhǎo wǒ wán er.</span><span class="trans">When you have time, you need to find me so we can hang out.</span>
 
* 你 不 忙 <em>的话</em>,可以 帮 我 联系 客户 吗?<span class="pinyin">Nǐ bù máng <em>de huà</em>, kěyǐ bāng wǒ liánxì kèhù ma?</span><span class="trans">If you're not busy, can you help me connect with customers?</span>
 
* 没 地方 住 <em>的话</em>,就 来 我 这里 吧。<span class="pinyin">Méi dìfang zhù <em>de huà</em>, jiù lái wǒ zhèlǐ ba.</span>
 
  
</div>
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This article is focused on the two-part "if... then..." pattern 如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯. But it's also possible to take the first half and make it into a [[The "if" sandwich pattern using "ruguo... dehua"|"sandwich pattern" using 如果……的话]].
  
== 如果⋯⋯那么 ==
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== See also ==
  
这里,“那么”的用法是使得结构的前后两部分显得不那么严肃和拘束,起到一种舒缓句子节奏的作用。
 
 
=== Structure===
 
 
<div class="jiegou">
 
 
如果 + Statement, 那么(就) + Result
 
 
</div>
 
 
=== Examples ===
 
 
<div class="liju">
 
 
* <em>如果</em> 你 不 去,<em>那么</em> 我 也 不 去。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ bù qù, <em>nàme</em> wǒ yě bù qù.</span>
 
* <em>如果</em> 他 知道 了,<em>那么</em> 他 一 定 会 来 告诉 我。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> tā zhīdào le, <em>nàme</em> tā yīdìng huì lái gàosu wǒ.</span>
 
* <em>如果</em> 现在 我们 不 合作,<em>那么</em> 我们 以后 就 没有 机会 合作 了。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> xiànzài wǒmen bù hézuò, <em>nàme</em> wǒmen yǐhòu jiù méiyǒu jīhuì hézuò le.</span>
 
* <em>如果</em> 你 不 相信 我,<em>那么</em> 我 就 什么 都 不 说 了。<span class="pinyin"><em>Rúguǒ</em> nǐ bù xiāngxìn wǒ, <em>nàme</em> wǒ jiù shénme dōu bù shuō le.</span>
 
</div>
 
 
==See also==
 
*[[Marking a topic with "de hua"]]
 
 
*[["If… then…" with "yaoshi"]]
 
*[["If… then…" with "yaoshi"]]
 
*[["If… then…" with "jiaru"]]
 
*[["If… then…" with "jiaru"]]
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*[[The "if" sandwich pattern using "ruguo... dehua"]]
 
*[["Only if" with "zhiyou"]]
 
*[["Only if" with "zhiyou"]]
  
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=== Books ===
 
=== Books ===
  
* [[Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)]] (pp. 184) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7802006473/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399373&creativeASIN=7802006473 →buy]
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{{Source|HSK Standard Course 3|138}}
* [[New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)]] (pp. 240) [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/7561911297/ref=as_li_ss_tl?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=217145&creative=399369&creativeASIN=7561911297 →buy]
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{{Source|Common Chinese Patterns 330 (汉语常用格式330例)|184}}
 
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{{Source|New Practical Chinese Reader 2 (新实用汉语课本2)|240}}
  
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
 
[[Category: B1 grammar points]]
{{Basic Grammar|如果|B1|如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯|<em>如果</em> 有 问题 ,<em>就</em> 打 电话 。|grammar point|ASGGIVT0}}
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{{HSK|HSK3}}
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{{Structure|Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Subprop|Complex Sentence Patterns}}
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{{Basic Grammar|如果|B1|如果 ⋯⋯ ,就 ⋯⋯|<em>如果</em> 有 困难 ,<em>就</em> 给 我 打 电话 。|grammar point|ASGGIVT0}}
 
{{Rel char|就}}
 
{{Rel char|就}}
{{Rel char|}}
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{{Rel char|如果}}
{{Rel char|的话}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "then" with "jiu"}}
{{Similar|Marking a Topic with "de hua"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "if" with "ruguo... dehua"}}
{{Similar|"If… Then…" with "yaoshi"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "if… then…" with "yaoshi"}}
{{Similar|"If… Then…" with "jiaru"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "if… then…" with "jiaru"}}
{{Similar|"If… Then…" with "jiashi"}}
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{{Similar|Expressing "if… then…" with "jiashi"}}
 
{{Similar|"Only if" with "zhiyou"}}
 
{{Similar|"Only if" with "zhiyou"}}
{{Similar|"As long as" with "zhiyao"}}
 
{{Similar|Events in quick succession with "yi⋯⋯ jiu"}}
 
{{Similar|The "if" sandwich pattern}}
 
 
{{Similar|Conditions with "yao" and "jiu"}}
 
{{Similar|Conditions with "yao" and "jiu"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "once⋯⋯then⋯⋯" with "yidan⋯⋯jiu⋯⋯"}}
 
{{Similar|Expressing "once⋯⋯then⋯⋯" with "yidan⋯⋯jiu⋯⋯"}}
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{{Similar|Use "tangruo" to express "if"}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating conditions}}
 
{{Used for|Indicating conditions}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possibility}}
 
{{Used for|Expressing possibility}}
{{Structure|"If" Statements}}
 
 
{{Translation|then}}
 
{{Translation|then}}
 
{{Translation|if}}
 
{{Translation|if}}

Latest revision as of 07:00, 11 December 2020

The 如果 ⋯⋯,就⋯⋯ (rúguǒ..., jiù...) two-part structure is very logical and concise, meaning "if... then...."

Standard Pattern

Structure

如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯ is an often-used pattern that is utilized in the same way that "If…, then…" is in English. In English we sometimes drop then "then" in the second half of the sentence, and you can do the same in Chinese, dropping the 就.

如果 ⋯⋯ ,就 ⋯⋯

Examples

  • 如果 有 困难 , 给 我 打 电话 。 Rúguǒ yǒu kùnnan, jiù gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuà.If there is any difficulty, give me a call.
  • 如果 你 输 了 , 给 我 一 百 块 。Rúguǒ nǐ shū le, jiù gěi wǒ yī bǎi kuài.If you lose, give me 100 kuai.
  • 如果 真的 找 不 回来 , 再 买 一 个 吧 。Rúguǒ zhēnde zhǎo bu huílái, jiù zài mǎi yī gè ba.If you can't find it, then buy a new one.
  • 如果 他 再 来 ,我们 报警 。Rúguǒ tā zài lái, wǒmen jiù bàojǐng.If he keeps showing up, we'll call the police.
  • 如果 你们 已经 不 相爱 了 , 分手 吧 。Rúguǒ nǐmen yǐjīng bù xiāngài le, jiù fēnshǒu ba.If you no longer love each other, just break up.

Alternate Pattern Using 那么

Sometimes 那么 (nàme) is used instead of 就 (jiù), imparting a more relaxed, informal feel to the sentence. Sometimes just 那 (nà) will be used instead of 那么 (nàme).

Structure

如果 ⋯⋯ ,那么 / 那 ⋯⋯

Examples

  • 如果 他 知道 , 他 一 定 会 告诉 我 。Rúguǒ tā zhīdào, tā yīdìng huì gàosu wǒ.If he knew, he would definitely tell me.
  • 如果 大家 都 不 感兴趣 , 我 不 说 了。Rúguǒ dàjiā dōu bù gǎn xìngqù, wǒ bù shuō le.If none of you are interested, I will stop talking.
  • 如果 你们 真的 想 合作 ,那么 我们 应该 找 时间 好好 谈谈 。Rúguǒ nǐmen zhēnde xiǎng hézuò, nàme wǒmen yīnggāi zhǎo shíjiān hǎohāo tántan.If you really want to work with us, then we should schedule a day to discuss it.
  • 如果 能 找到 投资 , 下个月 就 可以 开始 做 了 。Rúguǒ néng zhǎodào tóuzī, xià gè yuè jiù kěyǐ kāishǐ zuò le.If we can find the investment, we'll be able to get on it next month.
  • 如果 你 想 申请 ,那么 现在 就 要 开始 准备 。Rúguǒ nǐ xiǎng shēnqǐng, nàme xiànzài jiù yào kāishǐ zhǔnbèi.If you want to apply, you need to start to prepare right away.

Adding in 的话

This article is focused on the two-part "if... then..." pattern 如果⋯⋯,就⋯⋯. But it's also possible to take the first half and make it into a "sandwich pattern" using 如果……的话.

See also

Sources and further reading

Books