Difference between revisions of "Expressing "and" with "he""
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When listing out multiple nouns, 和 (hé) is there to help you out. Just remember that 和 (hé) isn't a word you can use to translate just ''any'' usage of the English word "[[and]]." | When listing out multiple nouns, 和 (hé) is there to help you out. Just remember that 和 (hé) isn't a word you can use to translate just ''any'' usage of the English word "[[and]]." | ||
| − | + | == Structure == | |
The most common way to express "and" in Chinese is with 和 (hé). It's important to note that 和 (hé) '''is mainly used to link nouns'''. This is how you should use it ''exclusively'' as you get used to it. Don't try to link [[verb]]s (or whole sentences) with 和 (hé). | The most common way to express "and" in Chinese is with 和 (hé). It's important to note that 和 (hé) '''is mainly used to link nouns'''. This is how you should use it ''exclusively'' as you get used to it. Don't try to link [[verb]]s (or whole sentences) with 和 (hé). | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | + | == Examples == | |
<div class="liju"> | <div class="liju"> | ||
| − | * <strong>你</strong> <em>和</em><strong>我</strong><span class="pinyin"><strong>nǐ</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>wǒ</strong></span><span class="trans">you and I</span> | + | * <strong>你</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>我</strong><span class="pinyin"><strong>nǐ</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>wǒ</strong></span><span class="trans">you and I</span> |
* 老板 喜欢 <strong>咖啡</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>茶</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn xǐhuan <strong>kāfēi</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>chá</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The boss likes coffee and tea.</span> | * 老板 喜欢 <strong>咖啡</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>茶</strong>。<span class="pinyin">Lǎobǎn xǐhuan <strong>kāfēi</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>chá</strong>.</span><span class="trans">The boss likes coffee and tea.</span> | ||
* <strong>我 的 爷爷</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>奶奶</strong> 都 70 岁 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Wǒ de yéye</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong> nǎinai</strong> dōu qīshí suì.</span><span class="trans">My grandpa and grandma are both 70 years old.</span> | * <strong>我 的 爷爷</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>奶奶</strong> 都 70 岁 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Wǒ de yéye</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong> nǎinai</strong> dōu qīshí suì.</span><span class="trans">My grandpa and grandma are both 70 years old.</span> | ||
| − | * <strong>他</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>他 女朋友</strong> 都 喜欢 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Tā </strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>tā | + | * <strong>他</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>他 女朋友</strong> 都 喜欢 中国 菜 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Tā </strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>tā nǚpéngyou</strong> dōu xǐhuan Zhōngguó cài.</span><span class="trans">He and his girlfriend both like Chinese food.</span> |
* <strong> 你 爸爸</strong> <em>和</em> <strong> 你 妈妈</strong> 都 是 美国 人 吗 ？<span class="pinyin"><strong>Nǐ bàba </strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>nǐ māma</strong> dōu shì Měiguó rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Are your father and your mother both Americans?</span> | * <strong> 你 爸爸</strong> <em>和</em> <strong> 你 妈妈</strong> 都 是 美国 人 吗 ？<span class="pinyin"><strong>Nǐ bàba </strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>nǐ māma</strong> dōu shì Měiguó rén ma?</span><span class="trans">Are your father and your mother both Americans?</span> | ||
* <strong>手机</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>电脑</strong> 都 很 贵 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Shǒujī</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>diànnǎo</strong> dōu hěn guì.</span><span class="trans">Cell phones and computers are both expensive.</span> | * <strong>手机</strong> <em>和</em> <strong>电脑</strong> 都 很 贵 。<span class="pinyin"><strong>Shǒujī</strong> <em>hé</em> <strong>diànnǎo</strong> dōu hěn guì.</span><span class="trans">Cell phones and computers are both expensive.</span> | ||
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</div> | </div> | ||
| − | (If you're unclear why the 都 (dōu) is used in the sentences | + | (If you're unclear why the 都 (dōu) is used in the sentences above, see our article on [[The "all" adverb "dou"|the adverb 都 (dōu)]].) |
Just to be absolutely clear what we mean by using 和 (hé) with nouns only, here are two English examples of what you should and shouldn't try to express with 和 (hé): | Just to be absolutely clear what we mean by using 和 (hé) with nouns only, here are two English examples of what you should and shouldn't try to express with 和 (hé): | ||
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<ul> | <ul> | ||
| − | <li class="q"><span class="spaced">I went to the store <em>and</em> bought some gum.</span><span class="expl"> | + | <li class="q"><span class="spaced">I went to the store <em>and</em> bought some gum.</span><span class="expl pdf-long-expl">Don't use 和 (hé) for this "and"! "Went to the store" and "bought some gum" are both verb phrases, not nouns.</span></li> |
| − | <li class="o"><span class="spaced">I like to eat cucumbers <em>and</em> cheese.</span><span class="expl"> | + | <li class="o"><span class="spaced">I like to eat cucumbers <em>and</em> cheese.</span><span class="expl pdf-long-expl">This one is good! "Cucumbers" and "cheese" are both nouns, so you can use 和 (hé) here.</span></li> |
</ul> | </ul> | ||
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==See also== | ==See also== | ||
| + | |||
*[[Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"]] | *[[Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"]] | ||
*[["In addition" as "lingwai"]] | *[["In addition" as "lingwai"]] | ||
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=== Books === | === Books === | ||
| − | + | {{Source|HSK Standard Course 1|74}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar|74-5}} | |
| − | + | {{Source|Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition|14-5}} | |
| + | {{Source|A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法)|126}} | ||
[[Category:A1 grammar points]] | [[Category:A1 grammar points]] | ||
| − | {{Basic Grammar|和|A1| | + | {{HSK|HSK1}}{{2021-HSK|HSK1}} |
| + | {{Basic Grammar|和|A1|Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2|我 <em>和</em> 他 都 不 去。|grammar point|ASGP0KFF}} | ||
{{Similar|Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"}} | {{Similar|Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"}} | ||
{{Similar|"In Addition" as "lingwai"}} | {{Similar|"In Addition" as "lingwai"}} | ||
Latest revision as of 09:20, 20 April 2021
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Level
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Used for
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Keywords
When listing out multiple nouns, 和 (hé) is there to help you out. Just remember that 和 (hé) isn't a word you can use to translate just any usage of the English word "and."
Structure
The most common way to express "and" in Chinese is with 和 (hé). It's important to note that 和 (hé) is mainly used to link nouns. This is how you should use it exclusively as you get used to it. Don't try to link verbs (or whole sentences) with 和 (hé).
Noun 1 + 和 + Noun 2
Examples
- 你 和 我you and I
- 老板 喜欢 咖啡 和 茶。The boss likes coffee and tea.
- 我 的 爷爷 和 奶奶 都 70 岁 。My grandpa and grandma are both 70 years old.
- 他 和 他 女朋友 都 喜欢 中国 菜 。He and his girlfriend both like Chinese food.
- 你 爸爸 和 你 妈妈 都 是 美国 人 吗 ？Are your father and your mother both Americans?
- 手机 和 电脑 都 很 贵 。Cell phones and computers are both expensive.
- 德语 和 法语 都 很 难 吗 ？Are both German and French difficult?
- 今天 和 明天 都 可以 吗 ？Are today and tomorrow both OK?
(If you're unclear why the 都 (dōu) is used in the sentences above, see our article on the adverb 都 (dōu).)
Just to be absolutely clear what we mean by using 和 (hé) with nouns only, here are two English examples of what you should and shouldn't try to express with 和 (hé):
- I went to the store and bought some gum.Don't use 和 (hé) for this "and"! "Went to the store" and "bought some gum" are both verb phrases, not nouns.
- I like to eat cucumbers and cheese.This one is good! "Cucumbers" and "cheese" are both nouns, so you can use 和 (hé) here.
See also
- Expressing "in addition" with "haiyou"
- "In addition" as "lingwai"
- Expressing "not only… but also"
- Combining verbs with "bing"
Sources and further reading
Books
- HSK Standard Course 1 (pp. 74) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Basic Patterns of Chinese Grammar (pp. 74-5) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- Chinese: An Essential Grammar, Second Edition (pp. 14-5) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
- A Practical Chinese Grammar For Foreigners (外国人实用汉语语法) (pp. 126) Anything Goes (无所不谈) →buy
