Difference between revisions of "Preposition"
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| − | {{stub}} | + | {{stub}}\r\nPrepositions are words that indicate location or direction. They are called '''pre'''positions because they come before the words that they modify (which are usually nouns). However, in Chinese this can sometimes get a little confusing when they are complementing a [[Expressing location with "zai...shang/xia/li"|verb like "在"]].\r\n==Characteristics== |
| − | + | Prepositions cannot stand in a sentence all by themselves. Instead, they need to go with words with more "content" such as nouns or verbs. This way they can make a prepositional phrase. They also cannot be reduplicated, unlike [[Verb reduplication|verbs]] and [[Reduplication of adjectives|adjectives]]. Additionally, prepositions do not use aspect particles. They can, however, be negated [[Standard negation with "bu"|by 不]]. This also means that they can make [[affirmative-negative questions]].\r\n==Functions== | |
| − | + | Prepositions do a lot of work that we sometimes take for granted. They help indicate the environment (when and where), direction (to, from, at), reason, manner, and other functions that make the sentences cohesive. There are also a few prepositions that commonly go with the same kinds of verbs (从 with places, for example).\r\n== Notes == | |
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| − | ==Characteristics== | ||
| − | Prepositions cannot stand in a sentence all by themselves. Instead, they need to go with words with more "content" such as nouns or verbs. This way they can make a prepositional phrase. They also cannot be reduplicated, unlike [[Verb reduplication|verbs]] and [[Reduplication of adjectives|adjectives]]. Additionally, prepositions do not use aspect particles. They can, however, be negated [[Standard negation with "bu"|by 不]]. This also means that they can make [[affirmative-negative questions]]. | ||
| − | |||
| − | ==Functions== | ||
| − | Prepositions do a lot of work that we sometimes take for granted. They help indicate the environment (when and where), direction (to, from, at), reason, manner, and other functions that make the sentences cohesive. There are also a few prepositions that commonly go with the same kinds of verbs (从 with places, for example). | ||
| − | |||
| − | == Notes == | ||
As mentioned above, some prepositions collocate (go together) with certain verbs. These include: | As mentioned above, some prepositions collocate (go together) with certain verbs. These include: | ||
* 在, 从 with locations | * 在, 从 with locations | ||
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* 给 also indicates targets, but can indicate an action ''for'' someone | * 给 also indicates targets, but can indicate an action ''for'' someone | ||
* 被 works with [[Passive voice|passive constructions]] | * 被 works with [[Passive voice|passive constructions]] | ||
| − | * Some prepositions are also verbs, and others are exclusively prepositions <ref>[http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA "外国人实用汉语语法(中英文对照)", p. 123]</ref>. | + | * Some prepositions are also verbs, and others are exclusively prepositions <ref>[http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001J0ADWA&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001J0ADWA "外国人实用汉语语法(中英文对照)", p. 123]</ref>.\r\n== Grammar Patterns for Prepositions== |
| − | + | {{POS Page|Prepositions}}\r\n== References ==\r\n<references />\r\n== Sources == \r\n* [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001DUFS3A&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001DUFS3A 实用汉语语法] (p. 56 - 57) | |
| − | == Grammar Patterns for Prepositions== | ||
| − | {{POS Page|Prepositions}} | ||
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| − | == References == | ||
| − | |||
| − | <references /> | ||
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| − | == Sources == | ||
| − | |||
| − | * [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001DUFS3A&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001DUFS3A 实用汉语语法] (p. 56 - 57) | ||
* [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI Practicing HSK Grammar] (pp. 67 - 94) | * [http://www.amazon.cn/mn/detailApp/ref=as_li_ss_tl?_encoding=UTF8&tag=allset-23&linkCode=as2&asin=B001N6R7DI&camp=536&creative=3132&creativeASIN=B001N6R7DI Practicing HSK Grammar] (pp. 67 - 94) | ||
| − | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide] (pp. 82 - 88) | + | * [http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0415700108?ie=UTF8&tag=allset-20&linkCode=as2&camp=1789&creative=390957&creativeASIN=0415700108 Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide] (pp. 82 - 88)\r\n[[Category:Parts of speech]] |
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| − | [[Category:Parts of speech]] | ||
[[Category:Function words]] | [[Category:Function words]] | ||
Revision as of 06:21, 26 November 2013
| This article is a stub. Editors can help the Chinese Grammar Wiki by expanding it. |
\r\nPrepositions are words that indicate location or direction. They are called prepositions because they come before the words that they modify (which are usually nouns). However, in Chinese this can sometimes get a little confusing when they are complementing a verb like "在".\r\n==Characteristics==
Prepositions cannot stand in a sentence all by themselves. Instead, they need to go with words with more "content" such as nouns or verbs. This way they can make a prepositional phrase. They also cannot be reduplicated, unlike verbs and adjectives. Additionally, prepositions do not use aspect particles. They can, however, be negated by 不. This also means that they can make affirmative-negative questions.\r\n==Functions== Prepositions do a lot of work that we sometimes take for granted. They help indicate the environment (when and where), direction (to, from, at), reason, manner, and other functions that make the sentences cohesive. There are also a few prepositions that commonly go with the same kinds of verbs (从 with places, for example).\r\n== Notes == As mentioned above, some prepositions collocate (go together) with certain verbs. These include:
- 在, 从 with locations
- 从 can also go with time
- 离 goes with distances
- 对 indicates targets
- 给 also indicates targets, but can indicate an action for someone
- 被 works with passive constructions
- Some prepositions are also verbs, and others are exclusively prepositions [1].\r\n== Grammar Patterns for Prepositions==
A2 Prepositions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Basic comparisons with "bi" | Noun 1 + 比 + Noun 2 + Adj. | 你 比 我 胖 。 |
| Expressing "from… to…" with "cong… dao…" | 从⋯⋯到⋯⋯ | 从1 号 到 5 号 我 在 上海。 |
B1 Prepositions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "about" with "guanyu" | 关于 + Obj. ，⋯⋯ | 关于 中国 历史 ，我 知道 的 不 多 。 |
| Expressing "all the way until" with "zhidao" | 直到 + Time / Event ，Subj. + 才 ⋯⋯ | 直到 十二 点 半 ，我 才 做 完 作业 。 |
| Expressing "for" with "gei" | Subj. + 给 + Recipient + Verb Phrase | 妈妈 在 给 孩子 们 做饭 。 |
| Expressing "for" with "wei" | 为 + Person + Predicate | 为 人民 服务 ！ |
| Expressing "less than" with "budao" | 不到 + Number + Measure Word + Noun | 我 女儿 不到 三 岁 。 |
| Expressing "toward" with "wang" | 往 + Direction Word | 往 + Direction / Place + Verb |
| Expressing "towards" with "xiang" | 向 + Direction / Person + Verb | 你 必须 向 他 道歉！ |
| Idiomatic phrases with "zai" | 在 + Topic + 上 ，Subj. ⋯⋯ | 在美国 历史 上 ，最重要 的 总统 是 谁 ？ |
| Using "dui" with verbs | Subj. + 对 + Person + Verb | 宝宝 对 我 笑 了。 |
B2 Prepositions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "along with…" with "suizhe" | 随着 A + 的 + Verb， Subj. + Predicate | 随着 经济 的 发展，人们 的 生活 越 来 越 好。 |
| Expressing "ever since" with "zicong" | (自)从⋯⋯ | 自从 来 了 上海 ， 他 就 习惯 了 繁忙 的 生活 。 |
| Expressing "for…" with "eryan" | 对 + Person / Group + 而言 ，⋯⋯ | 对 消费者 而言 ，促销 活动 很 有 吸引力 。 |
| Expressing "including" with "zainei" | (包括)⋯⋯ 在内 ，⋯⋯ | 包括 水 电 费 在内 ，我 每 个 月 的 房租 三千 五 。 |
| Expressing "on the basis of" with "ping" | 凭⋯⋯ | 他 凭 自己 的 努力 成功 。 |
| Expressing "with regards to" with "zhiyu" | 至于 + Topic， Comment | 你 先 看 产品 。 至于 价格 ， 我们 再 商量 。 |
| Expressing passive voice with "gei" | Receiver + 给 + The Doer + 给 + Verb Phrase | 事情 给 解决 了 吗？ |
| Limiting scope with "jiu" | 就⋯⋯ (来说 / 而言) | 就 我 而言 ， 兴趣 最 重要 。 |
| Opportune timing with "chen" | 趁 + Situation / Opportunity…… | 趁 老板 不 在，我们 出去 吃饭 吧。 |
C1 Prepositions
| Grammar Point (English) | Pattern | Examples |
|---|---|---|
| Expressing "in light of" with "jianyu" | 鉴于 + observation, conclusion/suggestion | 鉴于 是 紧急 情况，我们 应该 尽快 做出 决定。 |
\r\n== References ==\r\n
\r\n== Sources == \r\n* 实用汉语语法 (p. 56 - 57)
- Practicing HSK Grammar (pp. 67 - 94)
- Modern Mandarin Chinese Grammar: A Practical Guide (pp. 82 - 88)\r\n
