Difference between revisions of "Reference:Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级)"

Revision as of 01:46, 25 February 2013

Chinese Grammar - Broken down into 100 items - Basic and Intermediate Levels (汉语语法百项讲练 - 初中级) by 李禄兴, 张玲, 张娟

《汉语语法百项讲练(初中级)》特点：精选语法难点100项,逐一进行详细的讲解和针对性的练习，语法点的筛选直接参阅权威大纲，可用于课堂教学或自学,尤其适用于准备参加HSK的考生，方便汉语教师的教学参考。

Grammar Points by Chapter

Verbs
- Auxiliary Verbs
  - 不得不 (budebu) 得 (dei)
  - 应该该
  - 能会
  - 能可以
- Motion Verbs
Numerals and Measure Words
- 数词 "二, 两" - Numerals "二" and "两"
- 帮伙批裙
- 场
- 副对双
- 件
- 张条
- 一点儿有点儿
- 一下儿一下子
- 左右前后
Pronouns
- 每各
- 哪儿什么怎么谁
- 怎么怎样/怎么样
Adverbs
- Adverbs of Degree
  - 很真太
- Adverbs of Time
  - 本来原来
  - 都已经
  - 已经曾经
  - 刚才刚刚/ 刚
  - 就才
  - 马上立刻
  - 突然忽然
  - 正在正在
  - 逐步逐渐渐渐
  - 一直总总是
- Adverbs of Mood
  - 到底毕竟
  - 到底究竟
  - 简直几乎
  - 竟然居然
  - 倒却
  - 反而
  - 难怪
  - 偏偏偏
  - 千万万万
- Adverbs of Negation
  - 不没
- Modal Adverbs
  - Expressing wasted efforts with "bai" | 白]] 白白
- Adverbs of Scope
  - 大概大约恐怕
  - 凡是
  - "Nearly" with "jihu" | 几乎]] 差不多
  - Indicating the whole with "quan" | 全]] 都
  - 就只
  - 至多至少
- Adverbs of Frequency
  - 常常往往
  - 还
  - 偶尔偶然
  - 一再再三
  - 又在还
Prepositions
- 按照根据
- 比
- 从
- 朝向往
- 给
- 对对于
- 关于对于
- 凭
- 通过经过
- 跟......一样......
- 为为了
- 于
- 在
Conjunctions/Connectives
- 不是......, 而是......, 不是......, 就是......
- 除非
- 但是可是不过只是
- 或者还是
- 即使......, 也...... 别说......, 即使......也......
- 又......又...... 既......又...... 既......也......
- 因为......, 所以...... 既然......, 那/就/那就......
- 因为由于
- 连......也/都......
- 何况
Particles
- 语气助词 "吧, 呢, 吗" - Modal Particles "吧, 呢, 吗"
- 结构助词 "的" 和定于 - Structural particle "的" and attributes
- 结构助词 "地" 和定于 - Structural particle "地" and attributes
- 动态助词 "了1" 和语气助词 "了2" - Aspect particle "了1" and modal particle "了2"
- 动态助词 "着" - Aspect particle "着"
- 等等等什么的
Phrases and Structures
- 差一点儿差不多
- 对......来说拿......来说
- 非......不可
- 是......的
- 一边......一边...... 一面......一面......
- 越......越......
- 在......(之)上/中/下在......(之)内/外
Complements
- 结果补语 - Complements of result
- 数量补语 - Numeral Complements
- V. 开
- "得" + 情态补语 - "得" + modal complements
- V./Adj. 极了 V./Adj. 得要命
Special Sentence Patterns
- 把......当做/看做/当成/看成/ 把......V. 成/成为
- "把" 表示使事物位置移动 - "把" used to change the position of something
- "被" 字句 - "被" sentences

@@ Line 13: / Line 13: @@
 #*Auxiliary Verbs
 #**不得不 (budebu) [["Must" modal "dei" | 得 (dei)]]
-#**应该 该
+#**[["Yinggai" for should | 应该 该 ]]
-#**能 会
+#**[[Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi"  | 能 会]]
-#**能 可以
+#**[[Comparing "hui" "neng" "keyi"  | 能 可以]]
 #*Motion Verbs
-#**出来/出去 进来/进去
+#**[[Direction complement | 出来/出去 进来/进去]]
-#**过来
+#**[[Direction complement | 过来]]
-#**起来 (I)
+#**[[Result complement "-qilai" | 起来 (I)]][[Further Uses of Resultative Complement "qilai" | 起来 (I)]]
-#**起来 (II)
+#**[[Appearance with "kanqilai" | 起来 (II)]]
-#**V. 上
+#**[[Result complement | V.上]]
-#**上去 下去
+#**[[Direction complement | 上去 下去]]
-#**下来 下去
+#**[[Direction complement | 下来 下去]]
 # Numerals and Measure Words
-#*数词 "二, 两" - Numerals "二" and "两"
+#*[["Er" and "liang" | 数词 "二, 两"]] - [["Er" and "liang" | Numerals "二" and "两"]]
 #*帮 伙 批 裙
 #*场
@@ Line 31: / Line 31: @@
 #*件
 #*张 条
-#*一点儿 有点儿
+#*[[Comparing "youdian" and "yidian" | 一点儿 有点儿]]
 #*一下儿 一下子
 #*左右 前后
 # Pronouns
-#*每 各
+#*[[Pronoun "mei" for "every" | 每]] 各
-#*哪儿 什么 怎么 谁
+#*[[Placement of question words | 哪儿]] [[Challenging a Verb with ''shenme" | 什么]] [[Asking why with "zenme" | 怎么]] [[Expressing "everyone" with "shei" | 谁]]
-#*怎么 怎样/怎么样
+#*[[Asking why with "zenme" | 怎么]] 怎样/怎么样
 # Adverbs
 #*Adverbs of Degree
-#**很 真 太
+#**[[Simple "noun + adjective" sentences | 很]] 真 [[Expressing "excessively" with "tai" | 太]]
 #*Adverbs of Time
-#**本来 原来
+#**本来 [["All along" with "yuanlai" | 原来]]
-#**都 已经
+#**[["Already" with "dou…le" | 都]] 已经
 #**已经 曾经
-#**刚才 刚刚/刚
+#**[["Just now" with "gangcai" | 刚才]] [[Comparing "gang" and "gangcai" | 刚刚]]/[["Just" with "gang" | 刚]]
-#**就 才
+#**[[Comparing "cai" and "jiu" | 就 才]]
 #**马上 立刻
-#**突然 忽然
+#**[[Comparing "turan" and “huran" | 突然 忽然]]
-#**正 在 正在
+#**[[Referring to the present | 正]] [[Expressing actions in progress | 在]] [[Expressing actions in progress (full form) | 正在]]
 #**逐步 逐渐 渐渐
-#**一直 总 总是
+#**[["All along" with "yizhi" | 一直]] 总 [["Always" with "zongshi" | 总是]]
 #*Adverbs of Mood
-#**到底 毕竟
+#**[[Expressing "In the End" with "daodi" | 到底]] [[Expressing "After All" with "bijing" | 毕竟]]
-#**到底 究竟
+#**[[Expressing "In the End" with "daodi" | 到底]] [[Expressing "In the End" with "jiujing" | 究竟]]
-#**简直 几乎
+#**[["Simply" with "jianzhi" | 简直]] [["Nearly" with "jihu" | 几乎]]
 #**竟然 居然
-#**倒 却
+#**[[Expressing Contrariness with "dao" | 倒]] [[The "However" Adverb "que" | 却]]
-#**反而
+#**[["On the Contrary" with "fan'er" | 反而]]
-#**难怪
+#**[["Nanguai" as a verb | 难怪]]
 #**偏偏 偏
 #**千万 万万
 #*Adverbs of Negation
-#**不 没
+#**[[Comparing "bu" and "mei" | 不 没]]
 #*Modal Adverbs
-#**白 白白
+#**Expressing wasted efforts with "bai" | 白]] 白白
 #*Adverbs of Scope
 #**大概 大约 恐怕
 #**凡是
-#**几乎 差不多
+#**"Nearly" with "jihu" | 几乎]] [[Approximations with "chabuduo" | 差不多]]
-#**全 都
+#**Indicating the whole with "quan" | 全]] [[Emphasizing quantity with "dou" | 都]]
 #**就 只
 #**至多 至少